DWI (The Legal and Ethical Environment of Business) Essay

DWI (The Legal and Ethical Environment of Business) - Essay Example The telecom service providers(1) would have been able to collect more money and reduce their losses if it would have been possible for them to know that which customer would pay the bills and which customer is going to ditch them. Therefore one of the basic needs of risk management is to study the attitude of the customers. Once the company knows as to how a customer behaves with his billing issue, it would be very clear as to how he would behave further. It has been observed that the telecom providers who use transaction -based risk management are able to focus their attention on the riskiest accounts thus assigning the appropriate treatment to all the calls that is required. An advanced risk management technique has been devised which includes the following features: There should be an analysis of the complete set of data about the customer, the billing and the behavioral data. This will include all details about the calls and also the payment history and the customer service interactions. As regarding the private and public law implications in this situation, it is advisable that first both the terms should be made very clear. The private law is that part of the system of law which includes in it the relationship between the individuals only like the law of contract or tort etc.

Approaces in normative ethics Essay Example for Free

Approaces in normative ethics Essay There are three major approaces in normative ethics including virtue ethics, deontological ethics, and utilitarianism. This paper is going to compare the similarities and differences between virtue theory, utilitarianism, and deontological ethics. It will include a description of the differences in how each theory addresses ethics and morality and it will also discuss an experience to explain the relationship between virtue, values, and moral concepts as they relate to one of the three theories. Differences In How These Theories Address Ethics and Morality Virtue ethics, deontological ethics, and utilitarianism are the three major approaches in normative ethics. Virtue ethics emphasizes the virtues, or moral character, while deontology emphasizes duties or rules, and utilitarianism emphasizes the consequences of actions. Virtue ethics is also called agent-based or character ethics. According to Boylan (2009), when using the virtue ethics approach, one should take the viewpoint that in living their life they should try to cultivate excellence in all that they do. It encourages people to develop their character as the basis for the good life. Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism, meaning that the moral worth of an action is determined by its outcome. Utilitarianism suggests that an action is morally right when that action produces more total utility for the group than any other alternative (Boylan, 2009). Deontological ethics judges the morality of an action based on the actions adherence to a rule or rules. This form of ethics uses rules and duties to determine what is â€Å"right†. Deontological ethics is opposed to consequentialism. Deontology maintains the wrongness of actions resides in the kind of action that it is, rather than the consequences it brings about. A deontologist, for example, would find the act of killing an innocent man wrong simply because it is the killing of an innocent man. A consequentialist might find this action wrong because it deprives someone of future happiness and causes grief to a family. Virtues, Values, and Moral Concepts For individuals who follow the deontology theory, they must apply obligations and rules to their personal conduct. An individuals obligation is to make sure they pay their bills. This helps them to support their family, which is an obligation to people who accept this kind of lifestyle. Some individuals accept not to follow this path in life. A person could easily look at an electric bill and throw it off to the side, and instead, take the money and gamble it away. This would not be the case for a deontologist. A deontologist follows their obligations. A person who follows the theory of a deontology also has to think about virtue, value, and moral concepts. There really is no way to separate the three, as they all play into the same hand. When confronted with a moral or ethical dilemma, virtue, value, and moral concepts all play a part in an individuals thinking process. Conclusion There are three major approaches in normative ethics: virtue ethics, utilitarianism, and deontology. All of these theories are used by mankind to determine what is â€Å"right† and what is â€Å"wrong†. Whatever theory an individual accepts to use as their guide, it is important to accept one of these theories in an effort to help ourselves and mankind. References Boylan, M. (2009). Basic ethics (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Hursthouse, R. (2010). Virtue Ethics. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2010 Edition). Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/encyclopedia/archinfo.cgi?entry=ethics-virtue

The Soliloquies of Shakespeares Hamlet - To be or not to be Soliloquy :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Hamlet --   â€Å"To be or not to be† Soliloquy      Ã‚   When the Bard of Avon created Hamlet, he simultaneously created the famous soliloquy ever uttered by English-speaking men. Thus it is that literary critics rank Hamlet’s fourth soliloquy as the most notable ever penned. Let’s examine in this essay how such a high ranking is deserved, and what the soliloquy means.    In his essay â€Å"An Explication of the Player’s Speech,† Harry Levin refers to the fourth soliloquy as the most famous of them all:    Dwelling on gross details and imperfections of the flesh (â€Å"Eyes without feeling, feeling without sight†), Hamlet will admonish his mother that sense-perception is dulled by sensual indulgence. Here insensibility is communicated by a rhetorical assault upon the senses: primarily â€Å"the very faculties of eyes and ears,† but incidentally touch and even taste. Leaving the senseless Priam to the insensate Pyrrhus, after another hiatus of half a line (37), the speech addresses violent objurgations to the bitch-goddess Fortune, about whom Hamlet   has lately cracked ribald jokes with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern; whose buffets and rewards he prizes Horatio for suffering with equanimity; against whom he will, in the most famous of all soliloquies [my italics], be tempted to take arms. (36)    Marchette Chute in â€Å"The Story Told in Hamlet† describes just how close the hero is to suicide while reciting his most famous soliloquy:      Hamlet enters, desperate enough by this time to be thinking of suicide. It seems to him that it would be such a sure way of escape from torment, just to cease existing, and he gives the famous speech on suicide that has never been worn thin by repetition. â€Å"To be, or not to be . . .† It would be easy to stop living.    To die, to sleep; No more. And by a sleep to say we end The heartache and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to . . .    But Hamlet has never succeeded in deceiving himself, and he cannot do so now. . . . [He] will not . . . be able to kill himself. He has thought too much about it to be able to take any action. (39)    Considering the context of this most notable soliloquy, the speech appears to be a reaction from the determination which ended the â€Å"rogue and peasant slave† soliloquy. In fact, in the Quarto of 1603 the â€Å"To be† speech comes BEFORE the players’ scene and the nunnery scene – and is thus more logically positioned to show its emotional connection to the previous soliloquy (Nevo 46).

Human Rights and Police Brutality

Human Rights and Police Brutality BY gajartjarj5653 Police brutality is the use of any force exceeding that reasonably necessary to accomplish a lawful police purpose. Composition 1 Argumentative Research Essay Final Draft. Police Brutality Police work is dangerous. Sometimes police put in situations that excessive force is needed. But, because some officers use these extreme measures in situations when it is not, police brutality occurs.I believe Popremium 1383 Words 6 Pages Police Brutality Analyzing an Argument This argument is directed to two different types of people: he police and the public. This addresses two different types of an audience. It addresses a hostile audience and it addresses a sympathetic audience. You can who the audience is because the author tells you in the Premium 528 Words 3 Pages Police Brutality Report Proposal for: Police Brutality Introductory Statement: Police brutality is one of the biggest human rights violations in the United States.Sometimes polic e are put into situations that excessive force is necessary; but, because some officers use these extreme measures in situations when it is not ompletely necessary, police brutality spremium 631 Words 3 Pages Argumentative Essay: Opposing Capital Punishment English Composition ENIOI S-6LC October 12, 2011 Argumentative Essay: Opposing Capital Punishment According to the Death Penalty Information Center, a brief overview of capital punishment throughout history would go like this: Back in the eighteenth century B.C. death penalty laws were firstPremium 2343 Words 10 Pages The Function of an Argumentative Essay Argumentative Essay The function of an argumentative essay is to show that your ssertion (opinion, theory, hypothesis) about some phenomenon or phenomena is correct or more truthful than others'. The art of argumentation is not an easy skill to acquire.

How bad leadership affects organization Essay

Jean Lipman-Blumen defined bad leadership as, â€Å"A toxic leader is one who engages in numerous destructive behaviors and who exhibits certain dysfunctional personal characteristics that inflict some degree of serious harm on either individuals or the organization. † (Bad Leadership: Antecedents and Prescriptions) Where there is a bad leadership present in the organization and workplace, this could lead to harmful consequences. For example, accidents, loss of productivity, cost ineffectiveness, low quality of product, communication gab, employees’ absences, industrial sabotage, etc. However, reasons for poor leadership could take place from a number of reasons such as leaders who possess poor leadership skills. And this could affect employees, co-workers and not surprisingly, leaders as well. In addition to this, leaders with insufficient skills may be worried with their own problems and may slow down any business activity within an individuality or group. A research study has revealed the fact that inadequate leadership skill significantly affects on other coworkers and inexperience member of the organizations. Because of poor leadership skills of a leader, an organization may suffer from pessimistic work views, lack of vision towards the company’s future goal, shortage of qualities to motivate workers, lack of social skills, and lack of inspiration. Obviously, leaders are paid to solve problems and not just to hold them. Thus, leaders are paid to provide good leadership which results in the achievement of a company’s goals. Kevin Dwyer, Poor Leadership; Poor Results 2006, said that, â€Å"Leaders must take it upon themselves to make â€Å"it† happen. Shuffling off responsibility for action to committees, subordinates, government departments and forever bemoaning the lack of action is not good enough. Leaders are in the position of being able to both diagnose the ailment and treat the ailment of an organization. If they won’t do it, who will? † (Dwyer, n. d. ) Communication is considered the life blood of every organization. Hence, lack of communication leads to negative outputs. Besides this, a leader who possesses poor communication and social skills can be harmful for a company. Because of poor leadership, communication often fails and this leads to several work mistakes and unwanted business expenses. For successful business operations, it is important that leaders should be equipped with great communication skills which can be applied in the organization in order to achieve a company’s desired objectives. In other words, Robert Hogan, Gordon Curphey, and Joyce Hogan wrote in American Psychologist that â€Å"abusive and incompetent management create billions of dollars of lost productivity each year. † (Stanford Business Magazine May 2006). More than 290 professionals were taken into consideration in a survey conducted in the period from 2004 to 2005. This survey revealed what seemed to be a murky spot among best planners and their own management & leadership skills. It is a fact that planners spend most of their work time in planning and summarizing things for future. In the study, they found that in most of the cases, poor leadership dumps a company’s overall planning. Or sometimes even worse, poor leadership hinders planners for producing new ways of problem solving. In addition, Business Corporations seldom get success where leaders do not know how to solve a particular problem. According to one survey, â€Å"if an organization pays an average leader $80,000 a year, that leader should bring back at least that amount of value to the organization; otherwise, the person could be considered a losing investment. Ideally, leaders return more than what they are paid, thus producing profit. Past studies have shown that there is about a 40 percent deviation in performance for a given role. So, an average leader might be worth $80,000, a great leader worth $112,000 (+ 40%), and a poor leader worth $48,000 (- 40%)†. (Cost of Poor Leadership Calculator) Psychologically speaking, workers and employees who perceive their leaders abusive, experience psychological distress, boredom, increased work conflicts, lower levels of commitment towards the company’s goals and objectives, depression, lower production outputs, low levels of job satisfaction, decreased individual working capabilities, and so forth. And consequently, in the presence of these above mentioned findings among employees, it seems very difficult to achieve organizational goals in a timely manner. According to another study conducted in the UK about retail banks, the average high street bank could increase sales by ? 65 million per year by improving employee satisfaction by just 10 per cent and almost half of the 44,000 people surveyed said that poor leadership was adversely affecting their organization’s performance. Steve Young, Project Director at ISR said that, â€Å"Leadership is an area that is really letting organizations down when it comes to employee commitment, while a quarter of employees blamed either a bad working climate or low work enablers, a half blamed poor leadership. † (Poor leadership pushes down banking profits) In poor leadership, employees’ morale declines and they feel less committed towards the company and its mission. In this dilemma situation, projects are completed slowly and hastily. In addition, when employees’ morale is down, they experience boredom. Some Suggestions for Good Leadership In order to run the organization in an effective and competitive way, management makes an outline about the leadership strategies. Moreover, they should not also watch poor leadership but also eradicate the roots of poor leadership. In this regard, the following are some points that can be used by any management to improve a leader’s qualities. 1) Quietly undermine the leader 2) link with others to confront the leader 3) link with others to overthrow the leader 4) Avoid entrapment by friends and family members 5) bound the term of leadership 6) enhance the selection process 7) Create good exit options for leaders 8) Hold directors in charge make them act 9) make a system of checks and balances 10) Protect whistle blowers. Despite all these facts, a poor leader should evaluate him or her and determine his weakness and pitfalls in each and every respect of the leadership. And following are guidelines for it 1) know your power and how to use it 2) welcome the worth of leaders and cherish the assistance they make 3) recognize the seductiveness and drawback of the power of leaders 4) Study bad leadership to learn from the mistakes of bad leaders. Conclusion As I discussed above and gave several examples about good and bad leadership, it makes very clear that a company’s success and failure depends upon the fact that how leaders can lead a team to achieve an organization’s motives. Historically speaking, leaders have a significant effect on the overall business and group performance of an organization. Besides this, good leaders can apply their superior leadership skills to make things better and to turn organizational goals in the right direction. On the contrary, bad leadership affects a company’s performance negatively in terms of production, employees’ morale, ethics, communication and many other things. So, it is the responsibility of the management and the director to keep a check on the leader’s role in the organization for the sake of that organization’s success. Hence, a good leader makes a significant difference in the successful operation of any organization regardless of the scope of that organization. However, we must not forget that superior leadership is not just confined to the business sector. Effective leaders are also necessary for the peace of the whole world in every sense. References A good leader offers reality check, thank yous – The Business Journal of the Greater Triad Area: http://www. bizjournals. com/triad/stories/2004/04/26/smallb3. html Accessed, April 9, 2007. Bad Leadership: Antecedents and Prescriptions http://72. 14. 253. 104/search? q=cache:nBXXeIOGawEJ:www. koreagsis. ac. kr/bbs/pds/Bad%2520Leadership%2520Colloquium_1. ppt+bad+leadership+effects+organisation&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=20&gl=pk Accessed, April 9, 2007 Cost of Poor Leadership Calculator http://www. ddiworld. com/imex/greatleadervalue. asp Dana Hinders, (Published June 21 2005) Michael Useem’s Leading Up: Upward Leadership In Action How To Lead Your Boss So Your Both Win Journal Article Dwyer Kevin , Journal article Poor Leadership; Poor Results. Emcc – Transforming organisations – the importance of leadership and culture in managing change http://eurofound. europa. eu/emcc/content/source/eu04006a. html? p1=reports&p2=null Accessed, April 9, 2007 Jeffrey Pfeffer and Robert I Sutton, (2000), journal article, The Half-Truth of Leadership. Stanford Business Magazine May 2006 http://www. gsb. stanford. edu/news/bmag/sbsm0605/feature_leadership. html Accessed, April 9, 2007 McLean Cari, October 18, 2005, journal article, strategic leadership: A superior state of mind. Tsun-yan Hsieh and Sara Yik, Journal article, Leadership as the Starting Point of Strategy Poor leadership pushes down banking profits http://www. management-issues. com/2006/8/24/research/poor-leadership-pushes-down-banking-profits. asp Accessed, April 9, 2007 What is Leadership? http://72. 14. 253. 104/search? q=cache:q_XTVWqb68QJ:www. med. umich. edu/csp/Course%2520materials/Fall%25202005/Thorson_What%2520is%2520Leadership. ppt+definition:+leadership&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=6&gl=pk. Accessed, April 9, 2007.

Dreaming in the 1960s essays

Dreaming in the 1960s essays In 1962, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. said his most famous words: "I have a dream." He was not the only one who felt this way. For many, the 1960s was a decade in which their dreams about America might be fulfilled. For Martin Luther King Jr., this was a dream of a truly equal America; for John F. Kennedy, it was a dream of a young vigorous nation that would put a man on the moon; and for the hippy movement, it was one of love, peace, and freedom. The 1960s was a tumultuous decade of social and political upheaval. We are still confronting many social issues that were addressed in the 1960s today. In spite of the turmoil, there were some positive results, such as the civil rights revolution. However, many outcomes were negative: student antiwar protest movements, political assassinations, and ghetto riots excited American people and resulted in a lack of respect for authority and the law. The first president during the 1960s was John F. Kennedy. He was young, appealing, and had a carefully crafted public image that barely won him the election. Because former President Eisenhower supported the Republican nominee, Richard Nixon, and because many had doubts about Kennedy's youth and Catholic religion, Kennedy only received three-tenths of one percent more of the popular vote than Nixon. The first thing Kennedy did during his brief presidency was to try to restore the nation's economy. Economic growth was slow in 1961 when Kennedy entered the White house. The President initiated a series of tariff negotiations to stimulate exports and proposed a federal tax cut to help the economy internally. John F. Kennedy was known as one of the few presidents in history who made his own personality a significant part of his presidency and a focus of national attention. Nothing illustrated this more clearly than the reaction to the tragedy of November 22, 1963. Kennedy was driving through the streets of Dallas. The streets were...

Essay Sample on Technology Ethics in the Classroom 3 Questions to Answer

Essay Sample on Technology Ethics in the Classroom 3 Questions to Answer Technology Ethics in the Classroom essay example: Question 1: The application as well as the use of technology in the classroom has been incorporated in learning and hence not a fact that can be ignored. With technology being incorporated in our daily learning and more especially in the classroom, then the students shall be enabled to become more productive individuals in the future. Since every classroom have applied the use of computers in the classroom or current technology, it is very vital for parents and teachers to monitor what the learners are doing on the computers, in addition with, how they are utilizing their time (Ivers Pierson, 2003). When used properly, computers can be very good educational tools, in addition with, a good investment. In each day, schools, in addition with, the students and teachers rely mainly on computers in performing their daily activities. Teachers use them in student grades recording, receiving, as well as, sending emails. Individuals mainly depend on the use of computers for creating, storing, in addition with, managing critical information, hence the computers must be protected from damage misuse or loss (Ivers Pierson, 2003). For example, School districts must take care and guarantee that information of a student such as rates of attendance, grades, learning problems and family as well as personal data protecting them from loss and maintaining confidentiality. Question 2: A: Even though the use of Internet has greatly revolutionized communication, in addition with, providing a new powerful educational student learning tools. It has also established risks, in addition with, raising ethical issues for every student in every grade. It has also created various opportunities for inappropriate, illegal, in addition with, behaviors that are unsafe for the learners (Nets Project, 2003). Progressively, more K12 educators have seen the importance and the urge of not only utilizing the Internet in instruction, but also familiarize and teaching the learners critical thinking skills and knowledge that is required to produce responsible citizens both outside and inside the school. Some of the school district has successfully completed incorporating Internet security and safety lessons into the curricula for the purpose of preparing the learners of all grades to behave responsibly and ethically when they are online. I would implement internet security by teaching the l earners to question the authenticity and reliability of the Website that they visit (Nets Project, 2003). The students should be provide and permitted to use specific Website for the purpose of research. In addition, students should be provided by a set of protocol for which they will follow in the event when something that is appropriate when it appears on the screen. B: Although most of the news covers on issues regarding Internet security and safety issues mainly focuses on teens. I would encourage schools to start education efforts. I would encourage schools to start Web Usage education when students start using the computers. Students and learners in the first and the second grades should be taught on the use and application of passwords, in addition with, the reasons of keeping them discreet. I would create proper copyright and student use agreements that could be used in your classroom by students and parents signing an acceptable policy use, which regulates the usage of school technology. An Internet safety pledge should be comprised in the code of conduct for a student going home to parents. The web usage would incorporate an acceptable use policy that should be in the first defense line in averting insecure, unlawful, in addition with, the use of school technology resources. The policy for technology shall be reliable with comparable policie s for other resources that are school-related and should replicate the basic mission and goals of the school. C: Parent Involvement: It is not merely the learners, in addition with, the tutors who are targeted by Internet security and safety education. School districts should hold Internet safety rights at schools for parents and students (Cennamo, Ross Ertmer, 2009). Parents should be involved in the Websites that the students frequent as a part of an Internet security and safety lesson. Parents shall be allowed and given a chance of airing the question that they may provide them with sufficient information on the Website that their children visit. Enlisting of Web 2.0 and data confidentiality: The web 2.o tools can be deployed for the purpose of teaching Internet ethics and security. Confidentiality is limiting the access of information, in addition with, the disclosure to users that are not authorized (Cennamo, Ross Ertmer, 2009). The students should use authentication methods like the use of passwords and user Ids that identifies the user’s data system, in addition with, supporting the control techniques that limit the users identified to access data that is unauthorized to access. Data integrity: Data integrity encompasses the notion that the individual in question has provided the correct information. The integrity of an information system comprises the no corruption of the data that is entered into the system (Ivers Pierson, 2003). Integrity in a K-12 classroom shall enable that the student enter into the right Website and that the wrong information has been restricted from access. This shall only allow the student to access into the educative Websites only.

25 Idiomatic Phrases That Include Single Initials

25 Idiomatic Phrases That Include Single Initials 25 Idiomatic Phrases That Include Single Initials 25 Idiomatic Phrases That Include Single Initials By Mark Nichol An initial letter, almost invariably capitalized, is often the first element in a two-word noun compound that constitutes an idiom. (Use of a connecting hyphen varies, and various sources may include or omit a hyphen.) Often, the letter stands for a word; occasionally, letters are used to assign priority (A and B, for example) or represent a shape. Here are common terms representing this form. 1. A side: a song released on a 45 rpm record, intended to become a hit single (see also â€Å"B side†) 2. A-bomb: a nuclear explosive device, from â€Å"atomic bomb† 3. A Level: a qualification for secondary school graduation originating in the United Kingdom and existing in other countries; the initial stands for advanced 4. A-game: used in the phrase â€Å"bring (one’s) A-game† to describe an A-player 5. A-player: an athlete- or, by extension, anyone else- who performs at a high level 6. B movie: originally, a low-budget movie that, with a more well-financed, well-publicized film, constitutes a double feature (a presentation of two movies at a movie theater); now, any low-budget commercial film 7. B side: originally, a song released on the flip side of a 45 rpm record opposite an intended hit single; such songs, either ones considered less likely to be popular or alternative versions of the A-side song, sometimes became hit singles in their own right (the term is now used to refer to a bonus track on a recording) 8. B-roll: supplemental film or video footage 9. C-section: a surgical incision to deliver a baby, from â€Å"caesarean section† 10. C-suite: collectively, the positions in a corporation constituting the highest level of management, from the first letter in the initials for â€Å"chief executive officer,† â€Å"chief operations officer,† â€Å"chief finance officer,† and so on 11. e-mail: a message delivered online from a digital device and accessed on another device, from â€Å"electronic mail† (recently supplanted by email in the Associated Press Style Book; formerly, E-mail); similar terms include e-business, e-commerce, and e-newsletter 12. F-hole: A sound hole in the surface of some stringed instruments, named for its shape (a stylized italic f); similar holes are designated C-holes and D-holes 13. f-stop: a value in optics of the ratio of a lens’s focal length to the diameter of the entrance pupil; the letter is an abbreviation of focal (alternative terms include f-ratio) 14. F-word: a euphemism for a specific form of profanity that begins with the letter f; the â€Å"[letter]-word† form is also used to refer to any serious or jocular vocabulary evasion, as in The L Word, the title of a television series about lesbians and bisexual women (similarly, some offensive terms that consist of compound words are disguised by eliding all but the first letter of the first element of the word and inserting a hyphen, as in a-hole) 15. G rated: a designation that represents evaluation of the content of a movie by the Motion Picture Association of America on the basis of its suitability for children; by extension, the phrase refers to family-friendly content or an inoffensive conversation or situation (associated terms are â€Å"R rated,† to refer to violent or sexually charged content and â€Å"X rated,† denoting obscene or sexually explicit content) 16. G-string: a garment, a type of thong, worn as underwear or in striptease, alternatively said to derive from girdle or groin; a similar item is called a V-string 17. H bomb: a nuclear explosive device, from â€Å"hydrogen bomb† 18. J-school: a journalism department or school at a university, from â€Å"journalism school† 19: O Level: a qualification for secondary school graduation originating but no longer widely used in the United Kingdom but extant in other countries; the initial stands for ordinary (the term in Scotland was â€Å"O Grade†) 20. S curve: a term used in engineering and mathematics to represent a function, or a term in fine art for a sinuous body position 21. T-bone: a cut of steak with a cross section of a bone that is shaped like the letter T 22. V-neck: a V-shaped cut in the neckline of a shirt or other garment 23. X-axis: a horizontal line in two-dimensional space, often used in charts and graphs 24. X-ray: a form of electromagnetic radiation 25. Y-axis: a vertical line in two-dimensional space, often used in charts and graphs Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply withHow to Pronounce MobileJanuary 1 Doesn't Need an "st"

Changes in the Field of Civil Engineering Essay

Changes in the Field of Civil Engineering - Essay Example The aim of this report is to explore the changes that are occurring in the rhetorical practices in the field of civil engineering. Globalization, the computer evolution, population demand, scientific advancements as well as the growing concern for environmental and security in the field of material science, biotechnology, and nanotechnology are the key drivers of the changes. As the changes continue to emerge, students need to adapt, adjust and conform to the changes by acquiring more knowledge about the field that they otherwise would in the past. The adjustments need not only to be in the traditional sciences and math, but also to encompass emerging domains in engineering and science and knowledge in crucial areas such as leadership, communication, marketing, business management, and practical processes. In addition, students must be able to learn how to come up with innovative designs that are required for maintaining and enhancing the competitive advantage with respect to other n ations, and be able to prepare adequately to accomplish emerging professional challenges. Therefore, there is an urgent need to expand and improve civil engineering education (CEE), including professional innovators such as civil engineers with skills and knowledge required to develop novel designs, which can be patented. Over the past six decades, the United States has witnessed a significant reduction in the number of credit hours required for a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering. In fact, at present, America’s average hours stands at about 125 credit hours only. (Arciszewski and Russell 5). This is a huge reduction considering the fact that just decade ago, the U.S. average credit hours for a bachelor’s degree in engineering took an average of 135 hours. This emerging trend is, particularly driven by state funded universities, which are increasingly heeding to political pressure to reduce the cost incurred in undergraduate education, as well as to ensure that civil engineering students graduate in four years. It is also unfortunate that even private universities are increasingly adopting this trend in a bid to remain competitive. Presently, civil engineering education in the country is struggling with the blatant contradiction between the national, state, and local level needs, according to Arciszewski and Russell (5). The aim of this report is to explore the changes that are occurring in the rhetorical practices in the field of civil engineering. The field of civil engineering has undergone many changes over the years. This has seen most paradigms being replaced by the emerging concepts. As earlier stated, the changes that have occurred in the field of civil engineering are attributed mainly to the rapid technological advancements and globalization being witnessed in different parts of the world today. This has necessitated students to adjust in their learning in order to keep pace with the changing needs of the world in the field of civil engineering. According to Arciszewski and Russell, the engineering system evolution is driven by objective evolutionary techniques, known as patterns of evolution (8). They argue that this pattern applies to all engineering fields, including CEE and practice. Many studies that dates back to the 1940s found nine patterns of evolution in the field of engineering. However, the S-curve pattern is the most relevant in CEE. According to the S-curve pattern, engineering systems have undergone transformations following an S-curve pattern, when the relationship between time and specific characteristics of an engineering system are both taken into consideration. This implies that each engineering system has a life cycle that once completed give rise to another system based on different assumptions or different paradigm, as shown in figure 1. For example, when we consider airplanes, we realize that there are separate S-curves for propeller-driven airplanes, jet planes, and turbo-prope ller planes. In this regard, we end up with a family

The Economic and Political Migration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Economic and Political Migration - Essay Example The shift to the west was promoted by the federal government's massive wartime defense spending that centered in the western states and most notably California. In addition there were tax breaks for the oil industry as well as the social security program that helped sustain the area's growth. Perry and Watkins contend that once the western cities gained the advantage of defense spending, they were able to capitalize on that advantage by the theory of "cumulative causation" (Walton 409). Perry and Watkins further argue that the sunbelt cities that prospered from this advantage also erected artificial developmental barriers in a shift away from the New Deal liberalism, and this perpetuated the process. (Walton 409). As the rustbelt declined, it was unable to attract new economic activity in the changing face of technology. William Julius Wilson puts forth a more contemporary theory. Wilson states that the cities of the Northeast declined due to "economic transformation" (8). He describes this as a shift in metropolitan development strategy that was driven by the change in industry from production based to capital and technology based (8-9). More modern machines were replacing the methods popularized by Henry Ford. International competition further eroded the cities and diminished the value of physical capital.

The King James Bible Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The King James Bible - Essay Example They are significant precisely because they speak to the present conditions of man. The discussion proceeds by taking a look at selected Biblical texts, and drawing significant principles and concepts from them. Because of their relevance even to contemporary times, they ought to be included in books that give importance to timeless texts and ideas. The selected books are Genesis, Exodus, and Matthew. The earlier two are from the Old Testament, and the latter is from the New Testament. The Bible As a collection of books, the Bible was therefore not written as one, long account. Instead, the various books were written at various times, with many different authors. They appear to be written primarily as accounts of the different events in the long history of Israel. However, the New Testament seems to provide the crucial key in understanding the Bible, when it introduces the character of Jesus as the fulfillment of the prophecies found in the Old Testament. The main purpose of the Bibl e then is to provide an account of God’s divine hand in man’s affairs. On a practical note, the Bible was written to provide a moral guide to man. It must be pointed out that the Bible is not the only text that provides a cosmological account, considering that Christianity is not the only influential religion in the world, and neither does it contain the only moral code available to man. The Holy Qur’an of Islam and the Vedas of Hindu belief are only some of the other accounts given to explain man’s place in the world. As with Christianity, Islam teaches monotheism, or the belief that there is only one creator God. The Vedas of Hinduism likewise provide a creation account, as well as ancient forms of prayer. What sets the Christian Bible apart is the fact that it contains the teachings of one of the most successful religions, in terms of the breadth of its influence. Christianity is by far, incredibly successful in spreading its influence because its teac hings are easily appropriated into various cultures. This latter fact makes it necessary for students to study this text, in order to see the origin of many current laws and moral practices. The following selections from the Bible illustrate this fact. Chapters 1, 2 and 3 of Genesis â€Å"In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth† (Genesis 1:1). Every belief system has its own creation story, and this is particularly true of every major religion. However, it cannot be denied that Christianity, though not the oldest, is still one of the most influential religious systems in the world. The first three chapters of Genesis give an account of the creation of the world, and this is where the distinction between work and rest begin to clarify. Genesis chapter 2 verses 2 and 3 state: â€Å"And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: b ecause that in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made.† This point is significant because the idea of a work week, or simply the notion of a week for that matter, is based on this biblical account. Genesis was written to provide an account of a particular culture’s faith, and a guide on how to keep that faith alive. Chapters 20 and 21 of Exodus These chapters from the book of Exodus are

Analysis of a primary research article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analysis of a primary research - Article Example The null hypothesis for the second study is the diarrheal outbreak at a day care center was not caused by E. coli O145. In both studies, the independent variables were demographic and environmental characteristics in both settings while the dependent variable was the presence of either of the E. coli strain in stool samples. There was no multivariate analysis or standardization of variables in both studies. The first study is a case control study and the cases were defined as individuals with laboratory confirmed E. coli 0157:H7 or those with a clinically compatible diagnosis (Jay, Garrett and Mohle-Boetan). The cases were healthy individuals. The second study lacks defined cases and controls (Wahl, Vold and Lindstedt 7). The presence of E. coli in both studies was established by culture and typing and the units of measurement for the concentration of the organism were Colony-Forming Units per milliliter (CFU/ML). In both studies, statistics on laboratory diagnosis of the different E. coli strains were presented. Positive culture and typing results were used to support the hypothesis on the presence on an outbreak in both studies. The outbreaks were caused by the E. coli strains in the two studies. Based on the results of the two studies, the authors recommend routine surveillance in an effort to detect future outbreaks. Although no limitations were identified in the first study, the authors in the second study reported limitations in the study design and results. Another limitation in the second study was that the symptoms were self-reported; hence, the study was subject to variations between clinical data and what was reported (Wahl, Vold and Lindstedt 8-9). Wahl, Erik , et al. "Investigation of an Escherichia Coli O145 Outbreak In a Child Day-Care Center -Extensive Sampling and Characterization of eae- and stx1-Positive E. Coli Yields Epidemiological and Socioeconomic Insight." BMC Infectious Diseases 11.238 (2011):

Culture Wars and Teachings of the Past Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Culture Wars and Teachings of the Past - Essay Example This makes them edge when they hear other people drawing comparisons of the past and current happenings (Manning, 2003). History and all the aspects involved are not very palatable in many circles. This is pegged on the understanding that it is crucial to take time to understand the history and what it entailed. This will include digging up of past issues that will rub people in all the wrong ways. Opinionated facts about those that support standards and those that do not have taken centre stage for so many years. There is an example presented of women and many other minority groups that have risen in the historical issue. They have been linked to the formations and opinions that are currently applied in many decisions that are arrived at all over the world. Historians all over have supported this thought. This is with the realization that there is a connection between the way things are observed and what they were (McNay, 1999). This is what forms the cannons of their historical tea chings and observations. This has created the chance for them to teach history as they are expected to. This is with the mindset that as much as the past is the past, it has a relationship with the future. This is with respect to the mistakes made the successes endured and the strides that were made. This is at each and every step of the way as the general process of history was unfolding and taking centre stage. This is with respect to the raising of the historical standards or being content with aspects of multi culturalism that are being propagated and embraced (Dunn, 2000). Second Book Review- History on Trial The issue of the creation of national standards has had long standing complications. This is because every society has very many people that support and critic various ideologies. This is mostly the case in the event that they do not support the logic and opinions of the majority. Their diverse opinions, ideologies and beliefs, have created a system where it is practically impossible to relate (McNeill, 2009). The relationship that is drawn from all historical aspects ensure that it is seen the way that it is. The war is as a result of the diverse opinions that were arrived at during the formation of the national history standards project. The project had the sole aim of ensuring that historical standards were set. This was in relation to the general process of teaching and educating people in all aspects of history and all that it entailed. The historians propagate a system where they are entitled to the raised standards that will be used in many curriculums. They thought that the standards will have positive effects on the general process of teaching, analyzing and understanding history. This was arrived at because of the feelings that they had towards how history was being taught. Many historians supported this argument and the standards set (Nash, 2007). This was because it created a platform for them to ague objectively about the methodologies o f study. Historians take the study and understanding of history as a very delicate subject. They want history to be defined based on its overall aims, objectives and societal expectations. They want the platform to talk candidly about history and its effects on the way life is seen currently. This is based on the understanding that history

Analysis of a primary research article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analysis of a primary research - Article Example The null hypothesis for the second study is the diarrheal outbreak at a day care center was not caused by E. coli O145. In both studies, the independent variables were demographic and environmental characteristics in both settings while the dependent variable was the presence of either of the E. coli strain in stool samples. There was no multivariate analysis or standardization of variables in both studies. The first study is a case control study and the cases were defined as individuals with laboratory confirmed E. coli 0157:H7 or those with a clinically compatible diagnosis (Jay, Garrett and Mohle-Boetan). The cases were healthy individuals. The second study lacks defined cases and controls (Wahl, Vold and Lindstedt 7). The presence of E. coli in both studies was established by culture and typing and the units of measurement for the concentration of the organism were Colony-Forming Units per milliliter (CFU/ML). In both studies, statistics on laboratory diagnosis of the different E. coli strains were presented. Positive culture and typing results were used to support the hypothesis on the presence on an outbreak in both studies. The outbreaks were caused by the E. coli strains in the two studies. Based on the results of the two studies, the authors recommend routine surveillance in an effort to detect future outbreaks. Although no limitations were identified in the first study, the authors in the second study reported limitations in the study design and results. Another limitation in the second study was that the symptoms were self-reported; hence, the study was subject to variations between clinical data and what was reported (Wahl, Vold and Lindstedt 8-9). Wahl, Erik , et al. "Investigation of an Escherichia Coli O145 Outbreak In a Child Day-Care Center -Extensive Sampling and Characterization of eae- and stx1-Positive E. Coli Yields Epidemiological and Socioeconomic Insight." BMC Infectious Diseases 11.238 (2011):

Final Project Reflective Paper - Team Beta Assignment

Final Project Reflective Paper - Team Beta - Assignment Example Consequently, it is a suitable platform for human resource managers to evaluate their progress and effect adjustment in their human resource management strategies. Management Introduction While implementing projects in new environments, any organization will require to strategize on how to manage its resources including the human labour in an effort to penetrate the market and compete with the external and internal market forces. The human labour is a crucial element of any business, and its management and effective utilization has a direct impact on the organization’s success. The productivity of human labour in all the phases of project implementation lies on the shoulders of the organizational managers. The role of human resource manager in an organization is to recruit, train, monitor, evaluate and motivate the employees during the project implementation process. The performance of an organization will depend on its ability to exercise effective organization behavior and s kills while managing teamwork among the role players within the system. To do this, a company will require to conduct a SWOT analysis as a strategy of re-evaluating its effectiveness in gathering its strengths, neutralizing its threats and weaknesses and grasping its opportunities presented in the environment. Effective team management and organizational behavior are the basic elements that the human resource management must possess in order to survive in the diverse market. Just like any other organization, Team Beta has faced the challenge of managing the team players during the implementation of its performance based scenario planning project. To maintain teamwork within the four members who have a variant cultural background is a credit worth effort that requires effective management skills that can stand the tests of a harsh project environment. The purpose of this article is engage in a critical reflective practice that Brookfield (1998) terms as an effective procedure to chec k the success of any team leader at each stage of a project. Organizational Behaviors and Skills Required in a Successful 21st-Century Organizational transformation is an element of business that an organization cannot ignore in the 21st century. With the proliferation of technology the barriers of business boundaries have become a thing of the past and the world has condensed into a small village. This is a century that has been dominated by trade globalization and extension of business boundaries to feature international business markets (Kreitman, 1997). These changes have had a great impact on trade and organizations are under the pressure to readjust their organizational behavior to suit diversified business environments that are characterized with unpredictable market forces. In team management, it is important to adopt a behavior that suits the modern approach of team management. One challenge that arises team management is the understanding of the available labour force, its management and motivation of the role players. Global diversity management advocates that team leaders provide opportunities for each employee to grow and develop within the organizations that they work in. It requires that the organization takes

Working Parents Have Problem Children Essay Example for Free

Working Parents Have Problem Children Essay A young human being below the age of puberty or below the legal age of majority† [1] is the definition of child in Oxford dictionary. The world’s population is estimated to 7 billion with 2 billion children. [2] Turkey has a population of 73,722,998 and including approximately 22.6 million (30.7 %) children.[3] They have an important slide of the population and they are the adults of future. However, as recent conditions are required working more, there exist psychological problems of children with working parents. In this proposal it is intended to investigate the psychology of children with working parents and the possible solutions to influence the psychology of the children with working parents positively by evaluating alternatives. 2. Problem Definition The researches alert that the children with working parents have some psychological and health problems. The study of Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality examines that child’s risk of having overnight hospitalizations, asthma episodes, and injuries or poisonings, a 200 percent increase if child has a working mother.[4]The NICHD Study of Early Child Care reports that a small minority of children ( 16%) who spent 30 [continues] Here are a few ways that children suffer. 1. Lack of Income. One out of five experience various degrees of poverty even in wealthy areas. An ever increasing number of families are poor because both parents are working at low-paying, dead end jobs with no benefits. The results: Kids cannot have things they want and need such as pets, clothes, and school events. They hear mom and dad argue about finances. Low quality daycares that do not meet the needs or provide a safe environment for children. 2. Lack of Interest. We all want what is best for our kids. To some parents, that means providing a better and more comfortable life. They think the only way to have the lifestyle desired is for both parents to work. They forget that what matters more to kids is when their parents show interest in THEM. When both parents work, they usually have less time for their children. The results: Parents miss their childrens events, such as games, recitals, and everyday life. Children do not feel loved. (Love is spelled T-I-M-E). Kids misbehave, just striving to get some kind of attention. In time, it turns to complete rebellion. 3. Lack of Influence. Someone is grooming our kids. If we as parents are not grooming them for success, we are dooming them for failure. If both parents work, kids cannot come to their parents for help with lifes problems. They look to outside sources for guidance. The results: Children look to the media which is filled with violence and vanity. Children look to their peers, which may have their own social problems. Children look to escape through drugs, improper relationships, and other harmful things. Children will probably suffer a lot when they are young (below 12 years old) and both parents are at work. This is because they are not old enough to take care of themselves. They need their parents’ support, both mentally and physically. If parents neglect the growth of their children, it is quite possible that their children will

Piagets Cognitive Theory Children And Young People Essay

Piagets Cognitive Theory Children And Young People Essay b. The basic concept of Piagets theory of cognitive development. As we know, the famous theory of cognitive development was found by Jean Piaget. He was born in 1896 (Newkirk, 2009). Newkirk also mentioned that Piaget was a theorists and also a biologist. Besides,the author reported that Piaget did observing his own children and attracted to changes that occured and developed in childrens mind and the factors behind these changes. In addition, Gartrell (2011) also stated that Piagets method by questioning the children is called as clinical method. Children started to develop their understanding through their surrounding based on four stages of cognitive development. As mentioned by Gartrell the stages are the sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operational stage and lastly formal operations stage. The first stage is sensorimotor stage which starts when the babies were born until age of 2 years old while second stage starts around the age of 2 to 7 years (Santrock, 2011). The author also claimed about the other stages, that are the third stage, concrete operational stage which lasts from 7 until 11 or 12 years old and lastly moving to the fourth stage is formal operations stage. Compared to the other three stages earlier which involving babies and children, this last stage is involving with the adolescence and adulthood. This is the highest stage in cognitive development because this is where a person can make such reasoning and hypothesis (Santrock, 2011) for example, not only concrete events but also towards abstract events such as feelings or inferencing scientific experiments. Furthermore, Santrock (2011) proposed that there are two basic tendencies that will go together with these four stages, which are organization and adaption. Ormrod (2011) stated that organization is possibility of a person to handle their process of thinking. It is also called as schemes which means the building block of intelligent behavior. Next, adaption is the process of an individual to adapt to the environment (Ormrod, 2011). In the same way, Ormrod stated that there are two basic processes in adaption which are assimilation and accommodation. According to Krause, Bochner and Duchesne, cognition is the mental processes involved in perceiving, attending to, understanding and recalling information (2007, p43). Piagets theory of cognitive is underline into the consciousness of mind and thinking. As children are developing, their way of thinking started to change from time to time accordingly to the four stages. Piaget was not really interested into the knowledge having by the children but he was more fascinated by the way of children think, observe their surrounding and how they express it into speeches (Krause et al., 2007). The authors too found that Piaget and his theory are important because he is the first theorists that came out with such theory about development of children from the aspect of cognitive and his idea is still be using untill now even though it has been years. c. Discuss how the Piagets theory apply to child development. Self development is very important in childrens life because it develop in them while they are growing up. In Piagets theory of cognitive development, he focused of four stages of children development that are, sensorimotor stage as the first, secondly is preoperational stage, next concrete operational stage and last but not least formal operations stage. As explained earlier, sensorimotor stage is occured from the birth untill the age of 2 years. According to Krause et al.,(2007), infants in this stage will begin to develope their reflexes by doing some motor activities and senses. They are trying to understand the world around them. For example, infants will show happy expression or laughing when we are teasing and cuddling with them, this shows that infants started to make sense things around them but with limited abilities because it is only based on what they get through their senses. In sensorimotor, there are sub-stages that divided into 6 categories, that are reflexes, primary circular reactions, secondary circular reactions, coordination of reactions, tertiary circular reactions and early representional thought (Brenda, 2010). The first sub-stage is reflexes, according to Brenda (2010) this sub-stage is occured from the birth of the infants until 1 month old. During this stage, infants understand their surrounding by using si mple reflexes for example they will starting to smile. Next, primary circular reactions sub-stage is when the infants are 1 to 4 months. Variety of actions will be perform. For instance, infants are sucking his or her thumb, and as a result they will repeat the same actions because it pleasure them. As it goes on, third sub-stage is secondary circular reactions which occured during 4 to 8 months. Brenda (2010) mentioned in this sub-stage, the infants will be doing the same actions but it extends out to the environment such as replacing sucking their thumbs with rubber toys. In other words the infants are having improvement in their reactions. Moreover, in fourth sub-stage which is coordination of reactions from the age of 8 to 12 months. They will begin to show clear actions and observe others behavior other than starting to develop ability in recognizing the things that had been shown to them. As example, instead of sucking thumb, infants will replace it with their toys. They may s queeze their rubber toys, when it goes mooo mooo, they will get excited and squeeze it again. Krause et al.,(2007) proposed that the infants also will understand that their toys are exist even though they cannot be seen or touch it or called it as object permanance. For example, a doll at first was played by infant, when we put and hide it under blanket the infant will be able to look for it. Infants who do not reach this sub-stage will not be able to look for it, but they will just not realize it. As the infants are growing up to become toddlers, the sub-stages also moving to the next, tertiary secular reactions where occured during toddler age 12 to 18 months. This is the time where toddlers will learn the concept of trial-error experiments with the purpose of getting attention (Brenda, 2010). Specifically, one of the activity might be doing by toddlers is hitting fork and spoon on the dining table, just to know what will happen, what sound will come out, and what are the reaction s they will get from others. Krause et al. called this process as goal-directed or intentional action (2007, p46). Last but not least sub-stage is early representional talk, from the toddlers at age of 18 until 24 months old (Krause et al., 2007). Based on the authors, this last sub-stage is where we can see the toddlers start to imitate others. During this stage, people around them need to be careful and only if possible showing them the good side especially their parents. This is because since parents are the closest people in toddlers life, they will observe what their parents are doing. For example, if the mothers usually sweeping the house at the morning, the toddlers will observe it and will do the same action of sweeping the house even though it is without the broom. As I experienced this too, during my visits to my aunties home, she has a 19 months old toddlers. I realized that her child keep following my way of reading magazines and drinking coffee from my mug. Even though the objects are not with the baby, but she followed my actions. In my opinion, parents need to get close with toddler to help their growth and try to play game with them such as peek-a-boo game because this will help the children to strenghten their object-permanance ability and moving to the next stages as Piaget had observed. The second stage that apply to child development is preoperational stage, which occured within the age of 2 to 7 years old. Newkirk (2009) proposed that children in this stage will develop from several aspects. They will be more capable in the usage of language skills for instance they can explain the objects by replacing it with pictures or words. But they still not be able to speak like adult, they can at least use one or two-words sentences to delivered messages. According to Newkirk, imagination level of children in this stage will usually increase and they are more curious to all things instead of being logical. Unlikely the first stage, in this second stage children will spend more of their time by putting role while they are playing. For instance, children always pretend a box is a house for them to shelter. Even myself experienced that during my childhood. I built my so-called home by using boxes and I create my own family members using my dolls to stay in that house, I even pretend cooked meals for my family. This prove that childrens imagination during this stage is very high but they still need supervision from parents in case they are exposed to unappropriate elements. Krause et al. (2007) noted that there are three main characteristics of preoperational stage which are egocentrism, centration and animism. The author define egocentric as the person who is unable to share another persons idea or view because the person considered that all view are the same with he or she. Piagets had done with the Three Mountain Tasks model experiments, and as the result the children expects that the person on other side of the model is seeing the same view as them (Krause et al., 2007). Next is centration, the authors described the meaning as the children focus on one feature of problems while ignoring other features. For example, children will not understand if we tell them Your sister is my daughter because their ability is limited. Moving on, the last characteris tic is animism. In this characteristic, the authors claimed that children belief that all things have lives. They considered inanimate objects have emotions and feelings like them. For example, a girl who age 3 years old always talk with her teddy bear as the teddy bear is alive and answers her. Piagets third stage in child development is concrete operational stage which is from the age of 7 to 11 years (Santrock, 2011). During this stage, children are able to logically think about the concrete events and starting to eliminate their egocentrism which means they started to learn to view others perspective too. Even though they are getting capable in the usage of logic but they still having the difficulty in understanding the hypothetical concepts (Krause et al., 2007). The authors also claimed that there are several processes in this stage that involve in child development, that are reversibility where the children have the ability to think about the reverse event such as in mathematical solving problems where they need to add and subtract and add it back, secondly is seriation which menas the ability to mentally put things in order according to its features for example size, weight, and height. Next is compensation, where the children have the ability see that something is i ncrease because of something is decrease such as the height is increasing because of the width s decreasing and vice versa. Besides, the fourth is classficiation which means the ability that children have to name and identify the sets or group of the objects by its features such as size, colours and appearance. Class inclusion is the fifth processes mentioned by the authors which bring the meaning of ability to understand that a small amount of groups can be combine to form a large group as Krause et al. called it as multiple classification (2007, p53). For example a car can be include into its brand name such as Proton or under large group of vehicles. Last but not least the processes found by Krause et al. (2007) is conservation, whereby children at last know that quantities, or lenghts are not related at all to the arrangement or appearance of the things. For example, a child is presented with two same sized of bowls filled with flour, but when one of the full bowl flour is pour into jar with different sized he and she or he will still know that the quantity of the flour is the same either it is in bowl or jar. Lastly, the fourth stages in Piagetian is formal operations which occur to 11 years old children and beyond (Santrock, 2011). As we can see, this is the highest level of child development in Piagets theory as it goes until our adulthood. Santrock stated that in this stages people continue to develop ability of thinking with presence of abstract concept. Logically, children begin to take notes about the possibility of the consequences of every events they experienced and also started to think in a formal way. Besides, Krause et al. (2007) suggested that children in this stage are already know how to use deductive and inductive reasoning. As the author define deductive reasoning as the potentiality of children to use a general principle to determine a specific outcome, on the other hand inductive reasoning is using and observing specific outcome to include general principles. In this final stage also children will develop their problem solving activities. When entering adoloscence, the y are able to do systematic planning in their life and also make a hypothesis, inference far better than stages before (Brenda, 2010). Overall, that are the four stages that involve in child development until adolescence. d. Discuss how the Piagets theory apply children in preschool and early primary levels. Preschool children are basically who are still develop their cognitive abilities in stage two, preoperational. As stated by Krause et al. (2007) regarding applying Piagets theory into preschoolchildren who are still in stage two, there will be at least two parties that involved in helping to apply this cognitive theory to children firstly parents, secondly educators or teachers.Moreover, by introduce to children this concept means we are letting them to be independent and explore their world by themselves. Preschool children who are basically age between 4 to 6 years are in preoperaional stage. As I explained in previous sub-questions, children in this stage has become more capable in obtaining language skills and using it to represent objects but still limited because they cannot reached the events where explanation need to relate with concrete logic. Firstly as parents, they must give freedom to their children especially preschool children to play with their friends since children in this stage will spent more of their time with playing (Krause et al., 2007). Nowadays, majority of parents always having misconceptions, they think that they cannot let their children play too much, in fact they should not too strict in controlling their children. What parents should do is by letting their children play with their friends but make sure to supervision who are their friends. Logically, according to Krause et al., by giving children chance to play, they will explored their world while inter acting with friends (2007). Create a safe-mode place for them to play so that they feels your attention towards them, during this process children will encounter some problems. This is the right time to let them be independence by solving their problems but with supervision. Even though at first they might not really capable in solving it but it will be better as they go through this process and get knowledge from what we called as hands-on experiences (Krause et al., 2007). Besides, Ormrod suggested that parents should always communicate with their children especially who are in this stage. This is because children may feel left out if their parents are too busy and even do not have time to spend with them. In other way, this also a good opportunities to increas the level of self-esteem of the children. On the other hand, teachers also play an important role in applying preoperational stage towards preschool children. Newkirk found out that since children during this stage will usually be in egocentrism state, they do not realize about other perspectives (2009). So, as a teacher need to know how to handle this situation for example letting the children having conversation with the peers in class will enhance their understanding of others world or teachers can create a questions and answers session with the preschool students. The purpose of doing that is because to increase the self esteem of children and to let them hear others views too so that their level of egocentrism can be decrease. As an educators,creactivity is needed to attract preschool children in learning such as by using visual aids to stimulate the childrens mind (Newkirk, 2009). Examples of visual aids are like bringing props such as the real fruits if teachers want to teach about type of fruits in class. After finis hed teaching, teachers can serve the students with the fruits, and let them have the hands-on experience. The author also did mentioned that in order to develop preoperational stage between the children, use things that are different for examples cue cards written words and ask them to create sentences based on cards that they have or teachers can ask the preschool students to work in a group. In addition, interactions with peers will help the preschool children to improve their cognitive development or it is called as disequilibrium (Ormrod, 2011). Why talking with peers can help the children? This is because, logically the children and peers are at the same age level, so they can be more understanding between their group. How can we know if the children are applying preoperation stage in their cognitive development? Krause et al. (2007) described that the development at each cognitive stages is called as milestones. In this preoperational stage, Krause et al. also reported the childrens milestones development is from the aspect of thinking and language skill whereby they know to replace objects with drawing, words or gestures. As for instance, when children are at shopping mall, they are able to tell their parents by pointing to the things that attract them such as toys and dolls. Besides children also learnt to produce sound for example while they are playing with their soldier toys, they can make sound like dush dush to indicate the soldier toys they are playing with are fighting. In contrast, children who do not develop well in this stage will no be able to differentiate between the living things and inanimate objects. For example, they are treating the real cats and cat doll the same as both have feelings, emotions and know how to feel hungry whereas only the living things can feel all that. In a nutshell, children will reached each stages when the readiness come and they still need to be taught to guide to the right path. Krause et al. (2007) did proposed that teachers and parents should not teach their children the highest level of stages if it is not the right time by means the children are just not ready yet. e. Summary. In conclusion, I agreed with propose suggested by Ormrod (2011), Piagets theory have its own benefits and disadvantegous. As Piagets idea was the first to talk about cognitive development among children, his idea is the famous one and still be used even until today. In my opinion, Piagets theory had changed peoples view about children development. Even though as reported by Newkirk (2009), children development are not always moving from each stage according to the age that Piagets planned, but they still will moving according to the stage either it is fast or late. Last but not least, implementation of cognitive theory in children development is very effective as it will be very helpful towards the children themselves as this theory help to influence children in the aspects of biological maturation, activities, social experiences and equilibration.

Public Lands vs. Feedlot Feeding :: Farming Agriculture Essays Papers

Public Lands vs. Feedlot Feeding Grazing has always been a key element in beef production. Today there are hundreds of controversies and issues relating to feedlot feeding and public land grazing. How these concerns can be managed are seen and viewed by many different people with various methods. However, in the meantime, this nation wide problem will continue to affect thousands in numerous, dissimilar ways. Virtually all problems associated with grazing are due to the continuous presence of cattle on the same land for an extended period of time. This is true whether the land is public or private. As soon as time control becomes a factor in management, grazing becomes a positive factor in the environment. Previous studies have found that feedlot feeding and management can be extremely harmful to the animals associated with such practices. Many concerns include the well being of the animals living in such a space that is incredibly overcrowded with limited movement, lack of fresh air, disease is constantly at a higher level, and temperature control has no limit. There are over 1000 animals’ confined to a single building, causing problems with the animals to eating behaviors as well as making it difficult for the creatures to lie down. The CAFOs (Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations) are like factories, however they differ due to the fact that they contain tons of helpless animals living within their walls. One cow produces more than 20 times the waste a human produces. Waste from 10,000 CAFO cows in such limited areas contributes to untreatable waste of a city populated with more than 200,000 people. The manure from these animals is usually used as a valuable fertilizer but when it is liquefied, the waste instantly pollutes, contaminates and poisons most everything it comes into contact with. The nitrogen in the manure is very toxic to humans and pollutes the ground water. Furthermore the air quality is severely damaging humans and animals of the surrounding area. There is an unvarying amount of dust, odors, flies, and noxious gases that are daily produced and generated from CAFOs. These odors can cause many health problems for the workers and the people that confined to these working units within the feedlots. Though few, some see these confined feedlots as advantages to cattle management simply because there are more animals in a condensed area so as to preserve additional open land along with supplying various job openings within the CAFOs.

To What Extent Does Trade Help Reduce Development Disparities

To what extent does trade help reduce development disparities? The Republic of Malawi in the southeast of Africa is a landlocked country in which 85% of the people are employed in agriculture. About 90% of all farmers are smallholder farmers that suffer from low income and underdeveloped techniques. This is just one example of underdeveloped countries all over the world. The question is simple: How can these LEDCs develop? One approach of reducing development disparities is the mean of trade – the business of buying and selling commodities either within a country or between several countries.Several countries have already initiated techniques to help LEDCs develop. China for examples encourages Chinese firmst to invest in poorer nations and opens ist own markets to imports from underdeveloped countries. This global foreign investment is a great opportunity to create development opportunities for LEDCs, especially because China itself has just had an extreme financial rise so t hat it is able to help others now. However, critics may think that China – by opening up its markets – rather sees its own benefit, as it secures raw materials and markets for Chinese manufactured goods.Furthermore, China gets richer and its global importance raises drastically. Experts expect it to overtake Japan’s economy soon. Very different to this rather unfair approach of reducing development disparities due to trade is established by the FAIRTRADE foundation. This development organisation helps countries in the developing world to improve several different aspects such as sustainable prices for products that never fall under the market price, decent working conditions or fair terms of trade.To achieve this, specific FAIRTRADE certification and product labelling was developed called the FAIRTRADE mark – an independet consumer label. Things like the FAIRTRADE minimum price, which means that a buyer has to pay a certain price that is fair to the produ cer or FAIRTRADE premium, which means that the money payed on top of the minimum prize is spent on social, environmental and economic development projects. Neither pretending to help nor really trying hard to boost LEDC’s economy, he three nations USA, Canada and Mexico agreed on the „North American Free Trade Agreement which was set up in January 1994. The „Theory of Comparative Advantageâ€Å" shows the intention of this association of nations: As they were all economically challenged by western Europe and Asia and as the completion of internal market of the EU harmed their economy, it is obvious that with an elimination of trade barriers due to the NAFTA, these countries would all benefit from it in their economic situation.The aim the NAFTA is to eliminate trade barriers, promote economic competition, increase investment opportunities and improve cooperation between the USA, Canada and Mexico. Acualizing these aims will have several impacts on the worldâ€⠄¢s economy. One example therefore ist he potential wage and benefir reduction in the US due to Mexico’s membership. Also, Mexico would have to adopt higher foreign standards and poor Mexican farmers have now to compete with large-scale, high-tech US- or Canadian farmers. These are just some examples of the impact that the free trade treaty has on its members.Although the idea of free trade troughout nations seems auspicious, it clearly has its weaknesses as well. Concluding, the NAFTA has a good approach which however is not helping LEDCs develop further and rather makes it difficult for – in this case – Mexico to keep up with its partner-trading-nations USA and Canada. Governments from developed countries try to make LEDCs help themselves by researching and setting up various organisations in order to make trade easier. One example of this so-called „top-down approachâ€Å" is provided for farmers in Malawi.The aim of government-led projects is to allow african farmers being self-sufficient and develop their own business with enough income. A peanut farmer in Malawi is now – due to the support of the British government – able to sell his peanuts to big oversea markets. As it is difficult for little farmers to access those big markets, buying centres were build by the foreign government in order to allow the farmers easier access. Some farmers then use their income to open bank accounts, start new businesses and put their children through secondary school.In this process, they break out of the „vicious circleâ€Å" of poverty. Critics still see problems in this government-led approach as farmers are not concious about being helped to a great extent. In the project of for example Malawi, the British government gets highly involved in the economy of a country which often is seen from a negative angle by the population as they would like to manage their economic structures on their own. However, this „bottom -upâ€Å" approach to less economically developed countries by its own population is standing in great contrast to the government-led approach.As certain people of the country would have to mobilise its people and due to lack of financial support, often resignation by the population limits the development of a country. Several very different approaches towards reducing development disparities were made by governments and foundations. These can be easily contrasted: They are either initiated by a country or nation so as to extract the countries benefits out of trade or in order to help and support another country in its development by providing aid for it – this government-lead approach is called „top-downâ€Å".The contrast to this approach is called „bottom-upâ€Å" and is lead by a countries‘ own population which is a rather difficult process. Generally, trade is a very good way of linking a nation’s economy, as mostly contracts between countries are established so that both parties benefit from the business. This means that LEDCs can develop and change their status to MEDCs. However, as it is in the nature of the human species to always be best and leading, LEDCs must be very cautious not to get exploitet by economically powerful nations such as China.

Am Certain and It Is Certain

Two very specific different messages are conveyed when one says â€Å"l am certain† versus â€Å"it is certain. When one says â€Å"l am certain,† it is understood by the recipient to mean that the individual is in the highest mental state of being without a doubt. However, this differs from â€Å"It Is certain† because the word â€Å"It† Implies a consensus genteel, an agreement, without a doubt, between many humans In making a knowledge claim. In both cases a knowledge claim Is being made with confidence, but one person's certainty Is based on the Individual's perception, Intuition. Season or emotion, whereas a whole group of mankind making a knowledge claim depends on many different people's perceptions, reasons, and emotions. Since a great number of people consists of many individuals and their unique perceptions, reasons, and emotions, when a knowledge claim is made by all, the claim is transferred from simply a belief to a Justified belief. However, even though the number of people may vary from one to many, we must take into consideration the fact that there are various degrees of certainty.How would one quantify amount of certainty one holds, or be able to create a universal scale for measuring degrees of certainty? Certainty within a people or an individual can have been rooted from many efferent factors, of which one is passionate conviction. The question, addressing passionate conviction, Inquires whether It Is ever sufficient for Justifying knowledge claim. The question Is Implying whether passionate conviction alone, not Including reason, is sufficient for justifying knowledge claims.Passionate conviction that does not take root in reason must be coming from solely the emotional state, which is not sufficient for Justifying knowledge in most cases because further evidence should be presented and should be able to be agreed upon from one's perception (if possible ND reason. â€Å"l am passionately convinced that daffodi ls bloom in the springtime† is a knowledge claim that is based on reason and perception, which fuel the passionate conviction.However, passionate conviction that isn't based on other ways of knowing is usually not sufficient for Justifying claims. However, there are a few instances where passionate convictions may be sufficient for Justifying knowledge. Since passionate conviction Is rooted In emotion, an emotion can dictate your passionate conviction. If I feel empathy for someone being treated abusively, my passionate invention may be enough to Justify my â€Å"knowledge† that the other person desires to not De put tongue ten solution.However, tender are, again many Deterrent levels AT passionate conviction. How would you measure the degree of passionate conviction? Furthermore, is one basis for passionate conviction more valuable than another basis for passionate conviction, and does that change the strength of one's passionate conviction? These are a few knowledge i ssues that need to be identified and taken into consideration when deciding whether passionate conviction is sufficient for justifying knowledge.

Combined sentence Essay

1) Sexism extends even into the area of automobile driving, it seems. Believing that they are far better drivers than women. Men consider women drivers incompetent, inattentive, and even dangerous behind the wheel. -It seems that sexism extends even into the area of automobile driving. Believing that they are far better drivers than women, men consider women drivers incompetent, inattentive, and even dangerous behind the wheel. 2) However, statistics prove that women are, in fact, safer drivers than men. For example, insurance rates. Insurance rates for women are 20 percent lower than they are for men. Another proof is that more accidents are caused by male drivers between the ages of 18 and 25 than by any other group. Also, the greater percentage of accidents involving deaths cause by men. Although women are criticized for being too cautious. They are really just being safe drivers. -However, statistics prove that women are, in fact, safer drivers than men. For example, insurance rates for women are 20 percent lower than they are for men. Another proof is that more accidents are caused by male drivers between the ages of 18 and 25 than by any other group and the greater percentage of accidents involving deaths cause by men. Although women are criticized for being too cautious, they are really just being safe drivers. 3) The reasons for women drivers’ safer driving habits can perhaps be found in the different attitudes of the sexes toward automobiles. On the one hand, women drivers who regard the automobile as a convenience. Like a washing machine. On the other hand men regard the automobile as an extension of their egos. Using it as a weapon when they feel particularly aggressive. Or using it as a status symbol. -The reasons for women drivers’ safer driving habits can perhaps be found in the different attitudes of the sexes toward automobiles. On the one hand, women drivers who regard the automobile as a convenience like a washing machine; on the other hand, men regard the automobile as an extension of their egos, using it as a weapon when they feel particularly aggressive, or using it as a status symbol. 4) All in all, women are safer drivers. Because of their attitude. Men can  learn to become safe drivers. If they adopt the attitude that an automobile is merely a convenience. -All in all, women are safer drivers because of their attitude. Men can learn to become safe drivers, if they adopt the attitude that an automobile is merely a convenience. 2. (a) Electric cars are powered solely by batteries. (b) The new hybrid vehicles switch between electricity and gasoline. -Electric cars are powered solely by batteries, but the new hybrid vehicles switch between electricity and gasoline. 3. (a) Government and private agencies have spent billions of dollars advertising the dangers of smoking. (b) The number of smokers is still increasing. -Even though government and private agencies have spent billions of dollars advertising the dangers of smoking, the number of smokers is still increasing. 4. (a) Some students go to a vocational school to learn a trade. (b) Some students go to college to earn a degree -Some students go to a vocational school to learn a trade, but some students go to college to earn a degree. 5. (a) The grading system at our college should be abolished. (b) The students do not like getting grades.(c) The instructions do not enjoy giving grades. -The grading system at our college should be abolished as (or because/since) the students do not like getting grades, and the instructions do not enjoy giving grades. 6. (a) Education in a free society teaches children how to think. (b) Education in a dictatorship teaches children what to think. -Education in a free society teaches children how to think, but education in a dictatorship teaches children what to think.

Nursing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 14

Nursing research - Essay Example Effectively, a tool that provides findings that answered the research questions was valid and reliable since it measured what it was intended to measure in an accurate manner. In research, reliability is the extent to which an instrument provides consistent results in research. In effect, this is the stability of a tool to provide consistent results while used by different researchers. Based on the definition, there are three types of reliability that can be established. First, a determination of the equivalence is one example of establishing the reliability of an instrument. In this case, equivalence establishes whether the instrument used under different research studies produced similar results. The second type of reliability that can be established is consistency. The consistency of a research instrument is through the establishment whether the same instrument produced the same results when used on the same subjects in different instances. Finally, another type of reliability that a person can establish in an instrument is internal consistency, which determines the extent to which items in an instrument measured similar

Db5 diversity in the workplace Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Db5 diversity in the workplace - Research Paper Example It is also mean to increase the number of women in the employment sector. In my opinion, I believe affirmative action had fair intensions. This is because the programs were designed so as to provide individuals who are qualified with a fair and equal access to recruitment and opportunities. This is because the polices states that the people responsible in hiring and recruiting people should give fair and equal chances of evaluation regardless of the candidates gender, race or ethnic background. This makes sure that all people get opportunities equally (Tucker, 2000). It also increases social and economic diversity in the American educational system and workplace. Currently, the affirmative action has created a stronger educational and workplace diversity. This is because students of all races have been equally admitted into academic institutions. It has also made sure that women have increased in number in jobs that predominantly were occupied by males (Sadler, 1996). The program has ensured a rich diversity in colleges. There have been greater gains in the enrollment and graduations for women and people of colored skin at higher education institutions. Generally, I believe the affirmative action has had positive effects to the

Becoming a teacher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Becoming a teacher - Essay Example A teacher always uses a lesson plan for facilitation of student learning, offering a course study referred to as a curriculum. A curriculum according to formal education refers to planned interaction of students and pupils with materials, instructional content, resources and process for the purpose of evaluating the achievement of educational goals. Other definitions used to refer to curriculum include: All the education processes which are deliberated and guided by the education institution, whether it is performed individually or in groups, within or outside the institutional compound. Outlines the values, performances, skills, and attitudes pupils are expected to learn from the process of schooling. It comprises of statements of required pupil outcomes, the planned sequence and descriptions of materials that will be needed and implemented to help students achieve their goals. The total education experience provided by an educational institution. It includes the syllabus, the strat egies and other aspects, like values and norms in an educational environment. The roles of teachers vary among cultures since they engage in provision of education but under different fields. Teachers may therefore provide information in different fields including: arts, civics, literacy, numeracy, life skills and community roles. All these fields are covered in educational institutions where teachers provide information in regards to their areas of specialisation. It is in this case clear that, teachers graduate from their various colleges and universities having specialised in certain fields (Vygotsky, 1978, 48). This is the reason why a teacher is not able to provide education on all the subjects covered in educational institutions. These areas of specialisation that teachers provide information on are referred to as curriculum subjects. They are the units that students and pupils learn in various institutions. For a teacher to be enrolled in a certain educational institution, th ere are various standards that should be met. There are rules and regulations that govern teachers for them to carry out effective teaching making certain that all the pupils and students are well taught and that they get to understand what they are being taught (Piaget, 2001. 65). Every teacher here in the United Kingdom is expected to follow these rules and regulations to the latter. This essay seeks to explain the strategies of teaching and learning that can be implemented in English language. As a teacher i intend to implement learning and teaching strategies that will make my class understand everything in the English unit and do well in their exams at the end of the day. In teaching there are various rules and regulations that should be followed in order to make teaching effective. These standards should be followed and kept by all teaching staff. This gives a clear impression that teachers have to keep certain standards of behaviour in their working areas to make certain that their teaching undertakings are effective enough to students and pupils (Alexander, 2010, 76). Teachers are important individuals in the society because they offer knowledge to pupils and students which mould them for better future. This is an issue which makes them to be viewed as important people because without them, students and pupils cannot acquire knowledge needed in life. In this case, they are considered individuals who take part in hard work especially teachers in the lower levels where the pupils are so

Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 13

Critique - Essay Example However, the writer develops her argument convincingly with a comprehensive list of reasons and explanatory evidence from her experience. Kiefer’s main argument is that students who learn writing online lose more than their counterparts in an on-campus classroom. The article begins with a brief discussion on the theoretical and pedagogical foundations based on which the argument of the article is based. According to the author, the main goal of writing classes should be to raise awareness of â€Å"writing as a situated communication† (Kiefer, 2007, p.141), which could be best achieved only in a collaborative learning environment involving rich interactions between students. The article draws on the theories of â€Å"situatedness of language† and the need to construct â€Å"meaning in context† (ibid). Based on such a notion of writing as a process and learning as a communal and shared activity, Kiefer advances her argument. Kiefer’s theoretical assumptions dictate the goals and nature of writing classes, which she uses as a base to evaluate online writing classes. The argument focuses on the shortcomings of online writing classes she has witnessed in her experience as a teacher in both face-to-face and online classes. The three key features she presents are: â€Å"technological impediments, time constraints, attitudes toward education† (Kiefer, 2007, p.151), which she calls as ‘deficits’ that act collectively to deprive online students of the wealth of learning that an on-campus student receives. In terms of the technological features of online classrooms, the article refers to specific examples of widely used computer applications and argues that they do not support the goals of writing courses adequately as such online classroom technology is designed for lectures and not for interactive writing classes. Even if it happens to

Combined statistical area Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Combined statistical area - Essay Example (Source www.policom.com) Combined Statistical Areas in Utah Brigham City Salt Lake City Weber Morgan Summit Utah Metropolitan Statistical Areas Franklin Cache David Salt Lake Tooele Juab Washington Micropolitan Statistical Areas Box Elder Wasatch Uintah Carbon Iron Counties that are Neither Metropolitan or Micropolitan Areas Rich Daggett Duchesne Millard Sanpete Sevier Emery Grand Beaver Piute Wayne Garfield San Juan Kane Part II Economic Concepts: i) Business Clusters: Business clusters can be described as geographic concentrations of the same type of businesses, suppliers, manufacturers etc. Clusters play an important role in increasing a business’s productivity. Cluster development is an important paradigm of economic development that governments should concentrate on along with companies, organizations and institutions. They safeguard all types of businesses ranging from conglomerates to small and medium enterprises and give them a collective direction to compete with exte rnal competition. According to the Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness, business clusters provide an opportunity to reduce overall costs of doing business, encourage privatization and economic stability. In United States, International Cluster Competitiveness Project and Cluster Mapping Projects are undergoing to collect data geographically with primary aim to study â€Å"the linkages and externalities across industries that create business clusters† (1). The article by Mr. James Surowiecki, highlights the merits of the cluster system that are in practice in New York. For example, opening a restaurant on Smith Street has ensured productivity and equal business opportunities for all restaurants that are operating in that particular area. The concept of clustering guarantees a business’s profitability if not success, and it is easier for these restaurants to find and employ suitable work- force. Those who are interested in such type of work automatically approach the cluster that holds the highest number of employment opportunities in their preferred industry. ii) Competition: Competition within the economic or business framework refers to a rival involved in the same type of business. Business owners, whether manufacturers, sellers or buyers, all compete with businesses that offers the same types of products or services. The perfect sort of competition is seen between businesses that are roughly the same size and neither of them can affect the market or prices on their own. Competition can be eliminated or controlled with the help of government regulations such as copyrights, fair-trade laws, patents etc. The article by Mr. James Surowiecki is trying to portray competition within a positive light, and how clusters help in the economic development of businesses that are competing in the same geographical area like restaurants. Where every business would like to be the only one of its kind to enjoy monopoly, many different social and economic problems arise from such a situation. Hence, the article tries to show the merits of competition from the consumer point-of-view. After all, all businesses depend on consumer choice in order to generate profits. iii) Supply: Within the economic framework the term â€Å"supply† can be defined as the essential link between a commodity or â€Å"want† that is offered by consumers and the price charged for it. Supply can also be understood as that commodity or service that