Case Incident 2 Professional Sports: Rewarding?

Case resultant 2 PROFESSIONAL SPORTS REWARDING AND PUNISHING THE SAME BEHAVIOUR read/write head 1. What type of reinforcement schedule does random drug testing demo? Is this type of schedule typically effective or ineffective? solve The type of reinforcement schedules that random drug testing represent is the variant interval type. As defined, this type of schedule occurs when a response is rewarded afterwards an unpredictable amount of time has passed. In the case, the reinforcement schedule is through randomly and unexpected.It is typically effective because athletes not aware of the test and when these tests pull up stakes be taken place. Therefore, athletes are unprepared. QUESTION 2. What are some examples of behaviors in typical organization that supervisors reward that may actually be unwholesome to others or to the organization as a whole? As a manager, what might you do to try to avoid quandary? firmness of purpose Its when the athletes are taking steroids. When ath letes take steroids to enhance their performance abilities, they are misguide their managers and their fans.At first, they will be rewarded. Like they can earn more emolument and increase their popularity, But in the end, when it is discovered that the athlete were taking steroids, he destroys his teams reputation and of course his own reputation and overly the loyalty the fans had for him. If I was a manager, what I might do in order to avoid this quandary, if I was made aware of someone apply steroids, I would do a random drug testing as soon as possible instead of having the whole team substantiate for that one insubordinate athlete. QUESTION 3.If you were the commissioner of baseball, what steps would you take to try to inhibit the use of steroids in baseball? Is penalisation likely to be the or so effective deterrent? Why or why not? Answer Yes, punishment is the most effective deterrent. Because punishment is everyones scared of. Its the only way how can they make thei r selves responsible. If I were a baseball commissioner, I will enforce a policy that will manage athletes condition regarding the usage of steroids and enforce heavy punishment for those athletes that will be caught using steroids

Good Members of Society Essay

Some people think that parents should tutor children how to be trade good members of society. former(a)s, however, believe that school is the place to figure this.Discuss both(prenominal) these visible horizons and give your opinionEducation plays an important purpose in our lives for do us to become good members in society. Nowadays, both parents and schools actively understand part in the process educating their children. While some people view that the parents are primarily responsible for program line their children to become responsible members in society, others believe that it is the responsibility of the schools. However, in my opinion, both parents and schools reserve a role to play in guiding children in the right path for a peaceful society.Home is the first school and parents are first teachers of ours. Because during the childhood they teach us how to speak and behave to someone in society. Other way parents own behavior is also affect to their children and th ey get these well while they are child. Then they are going to be make how they see and hear. Subsequently children will show their experience to the others what they learn from their parents. Thats why parents must be careful while they are teaching their children because they are seriously responsible from their children.Although school is the best place for the children to learn and to be o good person. At school they meet with some people and do their activities together with their classmates. Children can learn how to act and have a good attitude. Teachers, except teaching many subjects they also teach to the children how to have o good behavior with their friends, parents or neighborhoods. Thats why, parents forever have a big hope from school to help them for creating their children to be o good person. In my view I think that good parents are good teachers and both of them have their own role in our society.

I Am Mirror: A Historical Critique Essay

Claribel Alegr? a in Nicaragua in 1924 and a stratum later her family was exiled to El Salvador because of her fathers support of Nicaraguan rebel leader Augusto Cesar Sandino, Alegrias family was forced into exile by Anastasio Somoza, a Nicaraguan politician who later became commander-in-chief of the Nicaraguan army and eventu eithery the nations president. Her poem I am Mirror was translated in 1978. And is the topic for this critique. In 1978 Alegr? a would be in the United States she left El Salvador in 1943 to study at George Washington University.From 1924 to her departure to the United States there was frequently violence in her home country in 1932 there was a walloping in which over a period of eight eld thirty thousand peasants were estimated to be slaughtered by the vastly superiorly armed El Salvador army. The country also has vast disparity of wealth with cardinal fractional to one percent controlling ninety percent of the nations wealth.The poem states Water spar kles on my skin and I dont feel it water streams down my back I dont feel it I rub myself with a towelI tinge myself in the arm I dont feel panic-struck I look at myself in the reflect she also pricks herself I begin to get dressed This is identifying that loaded portion of the population that controls 90 percent of the countrys wealth. It is describing their lack of humanity to allow the emit of the population to suffer in great poverty. The author uses this lack of aroma to question if their humanity has been lost. Given that Claribel was able to afford an American cultivation like many of the wealthy amilies did it stands to wonder how untold she associated herself with the wealthy.Perhaps its contributed by her support for non-violence and the poor habituated that she did come from some simile of wealth herself. In the following stanza it gives evidence that the quotation of the poem was wealthy I wander through the streets children with dirty faces ask me for charity The children could be desperate enough to be asking anyone but the character given that they were doing better than most at the time.But because again it does verbalise paint a pretty desperate picture with child whoredom and shouts like lightning bolts Military enforced oppression was the times. The use of a reflect as a metaphor could also be alluding to the killing of one and wounding of five students protesting the establishment spending of one million dollars to conduce the Miss Universe pageant to El Salvador. Of course during the program all that was shown were the beautiful sandy beaches and failed to show the massive poverty or array security around the contest.This is a portion from the poem I am a blank mirror that nothing penetrates my surface is hard is magnificent is polished I became a mirror and I am fleshless merely preserving a vague memory of pain. This demonstrates how the government oppression and the atrocities resulting from the oppressive military r ule were covered up by the government. Going back to the massacre of 1932 the government swiftly removed all accounts of the event from the libraries and replaced them with more well-heeled accounts.It was the way of life in El Salvador. The poor see much of the same everywhere they go poor. While rich control so much of the wealth they can afford to shield themselves from it. And the atrocities they never happened because the government says they didnt. As it says in the poem I simply reflect what happens at my side the tanks are not tanks nor are the shouts shouts The above demonstrates the denial that the mint form even goes as far to describe them as phantoms with how they do nothing to change.Which leads me to one of my favorite lines I hurt, therefore I endure which is likely an adaptation of Descartess I think therefore I am. In this situation she is saying that the lack of humanity of those who are the oppressors have stripped them from their existence. Furthermore as y ou read the poem it seems as if the character is coming to an epiphany but then recedes back right after the stanza I think, therefore I exist. This is probably used to show how permanent the stories wear in the media how quickly something like the killing of the student protester external of the Mrs.Universe can become a national headline and then slip from the attention of any news outlet.The symbolism of a mirror is also further represented with how a mirror project a current image but does not contain any of its past. In 1979 a year after this poem was translated and Alegr? a was awarded the Casa de las Americas poetry dough for Sobrevivo. It is also the same year that the National Liberation overthrew the Somoza government. She continues to write just about El Salvador and Nicaragua politics and resides in El Salvador, Spain and Nicaragua.

Position Paper Ap Government

Luke sawyer 12th trend 11/8/12 AP government Position paper I believe that Barack Obama is the most qualified candidate to run for the president of the fall in Sates of America. I believe that his plan of moving forward will hence move us forward. Obama has interesting views that I agree with, and you should consider them, as did I. The first issue is innovation, more jobs and reviving manufacturing and the auto industry. Since Obama became president two manufacturing and the auto industry have had a total of 1. 5 cardinal new jobs.The second issue is valuatees. Taxes are necessary, but no oneness wants them. Obama plans to cut taxes for every American worker and provide small tax cuts for small businesses. He is also asking the overly wealthy Americans to bear a little bit more in order to founder away our debt. A third issue is to end the war, and bring back end our troops from Afghanistan. Obama plans to end the war by 2014 and use half the property that would be spent on the war, and use it for roads, bridges, runways and schools and the other half on paying the deficit.The next issue is energy, which is a big issue promptly that fossil fuels are running low. Obama plans to put aside oil companies and expire investing in cleaner sources, to become a global attracter in clean energy. Obama plans to protect our climate by taking locomote into cleaner energy including oil, gas, clean coal, wind, solar, biofuels, and nuclear energy. Also creating jobs and businesses, while change the environment and national security. With schools advancing and new knowledge being obtained, Obama plans to rile college more affordable.He plans on doing this by cutting the tuition fee in half. He also plans to establish a college tax credit for the students and families cost up to 10,000 dollars over for years of college. He also plans to enforce the country and local anesthetic government to improve the quality of teachers, while giving the local and state gov ernments resources to reward and attract better teachers. Obama also plans to recruit 100,000 math and science teachers so we can out-compete countries in fields like science, technology, engineering, and math. Lastly, Obamas health care plan strengthensMedicare for the seniors, and it helps young people get the health insurance they need. The Affordable Care Act is helping people with Medicare save on the care they need to stay healthy. Obama plans to lower the costs on prescription drug drugs, and monthly premiums. Obama is also putting an end to health insurance callers charging women more than men for the same coverage. Sources http//www. barackobama. com/plans/ http//www. cbsnews. com/8301-250_162-57538698/what-are-obamas-and-romneys-plans-for-the-next-four-years/ http//www. businessinsider. com/obamas-plan-second-term-economy-jobs-election-2012-10? op=1

Fast Food: Problem in America? Essay

Imagine youre at McDonalds and youre going in for that bite on your burger. First topic you think about is the tastiness of the burger and non exactly what youre eating. lowly do you know that youre eating so much twitch that give actually take a toll on your clay in the long run? Most Ameri heaps do not arrive at this thought running by their minds because all they c be about is the fusillade of flavor in their mouth and the satisfaction of being full after. Americans should abolish the regular consumption of straightaway food because the speedy food fodder leads to health issues, such as diabetes, corpulency, and spunk unsoundness.Diabetes is a common element after consuming disruptive foods (junk food). For those who do not know what diabetes is Diabetes is a disease in which the body is unable to properly use and remembering sugar. Sugar backs up in the bloodstream causing ones blood sugar to recrudesce too high-pitched and stiff food is high in sugar even though we do not know it. Even though the debauched food may be high in calories, it will lack nutritional value because of the high amount of carbs as well as all the fats. dissolute foods are commonly high in calories, and highly processed, except they tend to perk up few vitamins and minerals, and are usually low in fiber. Fast foods a good deal contain large amount of added sugar, and high in saturated fats and Trans fats. at any rate diabetes, Americans are highly affected from unwavering foods in the form of obesity. You can find a fast food restaurant e precise clip you turn the corner and you can choose from burgers, tacos or a sugared drink at most places. As mentioned before Fast foods are typically high in calories, fat, sugar, carbohydrates, and sodium. I believe the rate of obesity is so high because of how inexpensive it is to buy and also due to eightfold locations of fast food restaurants. Obesity is starting to become a study factor in America these days due to all the fast food we consume.In addition to Obesity in America, it is now decorous a big deal to the youth. As said before, most fast food chains lurk around every corner and isvery tempting to the human eye. Along with the location of fast food our lifestyles soak up changed over the years where we live in a fast paced society. The fast food industry understands this which is why there is a drive through window. You can put up something healthier on the fast food menu, still most of the time you are being rushed to order and you use up the wrong choice, or because the healthier items on the menu are usually the most expensive. Either way this is what I see when I order from fast food restaurants.Finally, the most serious outcome of consuming fast food in your daily will be nerve centre disease and eventually death. Studies found that consuming fast food as lower-ranking as once a week increases the risk of dying from coronary thrombosis heart disease by 20 percent. The risk goes up to 50 percent if you eat fast food two to three measure weekly, according to the study. Worse still, the risk shoots to 80 percent for those who eat fast food four or more times per week. The study I found was interesting to me and it had me thinking of my own eating habits. Can you sound off with all the excess carbs, fats, sodium, sugars, and cholesterols being absorbed in your system that it will play a major role on your cardiovascular system? The thought of this was quite stunning and should be taught worldwide to prevent heart disease, which will lead to death.Fast food will always be a favorite meal for anyone that doesnt have time to cook, on a budget, or just prefers the tastiness of the grease. Down the road if fast food is consumed daily then the effects will be harmful on the human body such as diabetes, obesity, and heart disease. Fast food might not seem harmful at first, but the effects will soon become noticeable such as your waist line will beco me a lot bigger and you will start to feel out of shape even if it is exclusively walking that you do. Most of this essay is referring to the Americans, but if I were to specify which division that fast food affects the most the category would best suit the adults and children would be another category that suits this very well. Childhood obesity is on the rise and everyone throughout the world should know this, but for now just be aware that fast food is a major cause for diabetes, obesity, and heart disease.

Maketing Process Various Element Essay

The focus is the long deal production. A furrow orientated around production believes that the economies of scale generated by mass production leave alone reduce costs and maximise profits. In this cognitive operation there is less focus on product design and case and even to be special or unique look, at the nullify client argon paying for the product and you pay for what you get. So for this is a plain selling in my opinion. Product Orientation This approach is near opposite to the previous one.This type of companies believes that its products high reference make it a superior product. Neglecting sometimes about the customers wants and of necessity. Sales Orientation Make the product, and then sell it to the target market. nonetheless as we know gross gross sales usu e rattlingy arent this simple. An effective marketing system requires market and marketing research. Market Orientation This type of strategy puts every effort to understand the customer and his necessar ily. Market research is the divulge to launching new products or services, every single step. cakehole Cohen started his business in a very critical period for the UK there where a food shortage after the First World War and a big crisis just got to its top Situation was very difficult Jack Cohen applied a strategy of pile it high and sell it gaudy. His strategy was a great success because he knew exactly what customers need and so for all his focus is to make certain(p) there enough food for everyone. In London space is check he went outside to large space this step was a great success.Jack Cohen did adapt to this problem of space by giving Tesco bigger place to promote its products. As he was focused on sales and customer needs he should have been on top of it all time but it did interject a period where he didnt realise that people after 2nd world war are changing and needs are not simple are very variable and complex, customers are looking for more than than just what woul d satisfy their introductory needs And thats where Tesco purport cycle got into its down or downslope thats where Tesco did face problem.After a levelheaded few age of hardship Tesco managers have had an other way of sorting all in once getting help from local authorities this was the key portal to a new era Tesco newly born and adapting to the market needs segmentation of the market through offering different stores in surface and product will make Tesco the though number1 of stores as different ages and categories is attracted, he had the price already in good and successful strategy wiped out(p) enough to attract individuals from low household income and the loyalty cards that offers more saving.According to (Kotler, Marketing management) marketing should be dealt with and visualised around negligible 4 elements, product, place, price, and promotion and in further editions of his book he added other elements to those as politic, public I think Tesco have a good name and long history and that needs to be highlighted more and more, a good marketing strategy needs on top of set as well positioning the product and make it unique in satisfying that group of peoples needs, so for sibling a group of people and making a product to satisfy their needs and give it the price that makes them happy and promoting this product.Sale is the outcome or a result but dont forget to make them come back by giving after sale service, where the customer will be secure and happy kno furtherg he has been backed up by you the seller. Your supermarket or place of shopping, its not only where you debase your food supply from as well as the name that you cuss and adhere to, as a business focusing on your alert customers its a better strategy than trying always to win more customers. By listening to your customers and knowing their needs and the after sales service will give the company a longer life cycle.

Supply Chain Management for Manufacturing Industry

The main objective is to hunch al about the SCM of manufacturing indus spring up out to know we brook analyses sal mannersal(prenominal) topic ar formulation concatenation of mountains is a networkwork of al unitedly firms kinds that gat a harvest-feast to market, including the innovational acquisition of defenseless hooeys reapingion of the item at a manufacturing facility dissemination to a retail merchant sale of he terminate item to the node, and any inst each(prenominal)ation, repair, or service activities that follow the sale. How to rough-and-readyly monitor the set about forth cosmic string is a central issue for alone levels of centering, disregarding of indus analyse. This workshop has been contriveed and tailored by Mr. Ejazur Rahman amassing his everywhere a disco biscuit experience in working and managing the provisioning range of a function function of a reputed global manufacturing and marketing g all(prenominal) all overnance. To kn ow Successful egress mountain range trouble requires decisions.To know scm, combative, gross sales and marketing strategies. Who should attend the programmed? Inventory considerment governance of scm. How to achieve excellence in scm. put out train solicitude for Manufacturing constancy tot up train oversight (SCM) is the forethought of materials, education, and cash in hand as they dismiss in a attend to from supplier to trainr to entiresaler to retailer to consumer. fork out filament worry involves organize and desegregation these full stops both at heart and among companies.It is utter that the ultimate destruction of any trenchant furnish strand man climb onment establishment is to reduce stock-take (with the premise that crops are uncommitted when needed). As a solution for successful show fibril management, educate computer software outlines with Web interfaces are competing with Web-based application service domiciliaters (ASP) who promise to leave al unitary part or all of the SCM service for companies who rent their service. tack range of mountains management flows nookie be divided into tercet main flows The intersection flow The info flow The finances flow The harvest-festival flow accepts the movement of goods from a supplier to a client, as salubrious as any node returns or service ineluctably.The information flow involves transmit orders and updating the status of delivery. The financial flow consists of credit term, payment schedules, and committedness and title ownership arrangements. 1. furnish reach concern What and Why? 2. fair games of a tack chemical string 3. finish Phases in a go forth Chain 4. assist Views of a Supply Chain 5. Supply Chain death penalty Achieving Strategic Fit 6. Drivers of Supply Chain death penalty 7. Designing the Supply Chain Network 8. Demand and Supply Planning in a Supply Chain 9. Planning and Managing Inventory 10. Designing and Planning transportation schema Networks 11. Achieving Supply Chain Excellence in a manufacturing/service organization 1) Supply cosmic string management what? Supply bowed stringed instrument of mountains management (SCM) is the management of a network of inter machine-accessible aires involve in the ultimate provision of harvest-festival and service packages required by end guests (Harland, 1996).Supply Chain Management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in- serve up list, and consummate goods from point of origin to point of consumption ( ply chain). Supply chain management (SCM) is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. Supply chain management involves coordinating and integrating these flows both deep refine and among companies.It is said that the ultimate goal of any effective tot up chain management system is to reduce inventory (with the assum ption that ingatheringions are avail sufficient when needed Supply chain management (SCM) is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. Supply chain management involves coordinating and integrating these flows both at bottom and among companies. It is said that the ultimate goal of any effective come forth chain management system is to reduce inventory (with the assumption that products are available when needed).As a solution for successful furnish chain management, sophisticated software systems with Web interfacervice for companies who rent their service. Why render chain management The definition, put forward by an Ameri rear end headmaster association, is that Supply Chain Management encompasses the readiness and management of all activities involved in sourcing, procurement, conversion, and logistics management activities. It also includes the crucial comp unity nts of coordination and collaborationism with lineage fellows, which faeces be suppliers, intermediaries, third-party service providers, and guests.In essence, Supply Chain Management amalgamates give and accept management within and across companies. more than recently, the loosely coupled, self-organizing network of businesses that cooperates to provide product and service offerings has been called the Extended Enterprise. 1 Supply Chain Management potbelly also refer to Supply chain management software which are tools or modules used in executing return chain transactions, managing supplier relationships and controlling associated business processes.Supply chain event management (abbreviated as SCEM) is a consideration of all possible occurring events and factors that can cause a din in a bring out chain. With SCEM possible scenarios can be take a shitd and solutions can be planned. functions Supply chain management is a cross-function rise to manage the movement of raw materials into an organization, certain aspects of the internal processing of materials into finished goods, and and then the movement of finished goods out of the organization toward the end-consumer.As organizations strive to think on core competencies and be sexual climax to a greater extent flexible, they carry reduced their ownership of raw materials sources and distri furtherion channels. These functions are increasingly being outsourced to former(a) entities that can accomplish the activities pause or more damage effectively. The effect is to increase the snatch of organizations involved in satisfying guest get hold of, date reducing management control of daily logistics operations. Less control and more supply chain partners led to the creation of supply chain management concepts.The purpose of supply chain management is to improve trust and collaboration among supply chain partners, thus improving inventory visibility and improving inventory velocity. som e(prenominal) models have been proposed for understanding the activities required to manage material movements across organisational and functional boundaries. SCOR is a supply chain management model promoted by the Supply Chain Council. An different model is the SCM Model proposed by the globose Supply Chain Forum (GSCF). Supply chain activities can be grouped into strategical, tactical, and useable levels of activities. Strategic Strategic network optimisation, including the number, localisation, and size of warehousing, distribution centers, and facilities Strategic partnership with suppliers, distributors, and customers, creating conversation channels for life-sustaining information and operational proceedss such(prenominal) as cross sorreling, invest deportation, and third-party logistics Product liveliness beat management, so that in advance(p) and existing products can be optimally unified into the supply chain and capacity management Information Technology i nfrastructure, to resist supply chain operations Where-to- found and what-to-make-or-buy decisions Aligning boilersuit organizational dodge with supply dodging Tactical Sourcing contracts and some other purchasing decisions. toil decisions, including contracting, scheduling, and prep process definition. Inventory decisions, including quantity, locating, and quality of inventory. Transportation strategy, including frequency, routes, and contracting. Benchmarking of all operations against competitors and effectuation of best practices finishedout the enterprise.Milest sensation payments Focus on customer fill. operating(a) Daily production and distribution plan, including all nodes in the supply chain. Production scheduling for each(prenominal) manufacturing facility in the supply chain (minute by minute). Demand readying and forecasting, coordinating the conduct forecast of all customers and sacramental manduction the forecast with all suppliers. Sourcing planning, inc luding current inventory and forecast demand, in collaboration with all suppliers. Inbound operations, including transportation from suppliers and receiving inventory. Production operations, including the consumption of materials and flow of finished goods. Outbound operations, including all fulfillment activities, warehousing and transportation to customers. Order promising, beting for all constraints in the supply chain, including all suppliers, manufacturing facilities, distribution centers, and other customers. 2)The Objective of a Supply Chain The objective of every supply chain is to maximize the overall care for generated. The value a supply chain generates is the difference among what the final product is worth to the customer and the labor the supply chain expends in filling the customers request.For to the highest degree commercial supply chains, value exit be strongly correlate with supply chain positivity, the difference in the midst of the revenue generated f rom the customer and the overall court across the supply chain. For example, a customer purchasing a computer from Dell pays $2,000, which represents the revenue the supply chain receives. Dell and other stages of the supply chain incur be to convey information, produce components, trans load center them, transport them, transfer funds, and so on.The difference between the $2,000 that the customer pay and the sum of all costs incurred by the supply chain to produce and distribute the computer represents the supply chain profitability. Supply chain profitability is the total profit to be dole outd across all supply chain stages. The higher(prenominal)(prenominal) the supply chain profitability, the more successful the supply chain. Supply chain success should be measured in terms of supply chain profitability and not in terms of the mesh at an separate stage. Having square upd the success of a supply chain in terms of supply chain rofitability, the next logical maltreat is t o carry for sources of revenue and cost. For any supply chain, thither is only one source of revenue the customer. At Wal-Mart, a customer purchasing detergent is the only one providing positive cash flow for the supply chain. all other cash flows are simply fund exchanges that occur within the supply chain habituated that diametrical stages have different owners. When Wal-Mart pays its supplier, it is f etc.ing a portion of the funds the customer provides and passing that money on to the supplier. wholly flows of information, product, or funds generate costs within the supply chain.Thus, the appropriate management of these flows is a key to supply chain success. Supply chain management involves the management of flows between and among stage sin a supply chain to maximize total supply chain profitability. 3) Decision Phases In a Supply Chain Successful supply chain management requires many decisions relating to the flow of information, product, and funds. These decisions fal l into three categories or phases, depending on the frequency of each decision and the duration frame over which a decision phase has an impact. 1.Supply chain strategy or pattern During this phase, a company decides how to structure the supply chain over the next several eld. It decides what the chains configuration will be, how resources will be allocated, and what processes each stage will perform. Strategic decisions made by companies include the location and capacities of production and store facilities, the products to be manufactured or stored at respective(a) locations, the modes of transportation to be made available along different merchant vessels legs, and the type of information system to be utilized.A firm moldiness go over that the supply chain configuration supports its strategic objectives during this phase. Dells decisions regarding the location and capacity of its manufacturing facilities, warehouses, and supply courses are all supply chain convention or s trategic decisions. Supply chain design decisions are typically made for the long term (a matter of years) and are very big-ticket(prenominal) to alter on short notice. Consequently, when companies make these decisions, they must take into account uncertainty in anticipated market conditions over the next some years. 2. Supply chain planning For decisions made during his phase, the time frame considered is a quarter to a year. in that respectfore, the supply chains configuration located in the strategic phase is fixed. The configuration establishes constraints within which planning must be done. Companies start the planning phase with a forecast for the coming year (or a comparable time frame) of demand in different markets. Planning includes decisions regarding which markets will be supplied from which locations, the subcontracting of manufacturing, the inventory policies to be followed, and the timing and size of marketing promotions.Dells decisions regarding markets a given p roduction facility will supply and target production quantities at different locations are sort as planning decisions. Planning establishes parameters within which a supply chain will function over a specified period of time. In the planning phase, companies must include uncertainty in demand, exchange rates, and contention over this time horizon in their decisions. Given a shorter time horizon and better forecasts than the design phase, companies in the planning phase try to incorporate any flexibility built into the supply chain in the design phase and exploit it to optimize deed.As a result of the planning phase, companies define a situate of operating policies that govern short-term operations. 3. Supply chain operation The time horizon here is weekly or daily, and during this phase companies make decisions regarding individual customer orders. At the operational level, supply chain configuration is considered fixed and planning policies are already defined. The goal of suppl y chain operations is to handle incoming customer orders in the best possible manner.During this phase, firms allocate inventory or production to individual orders, set a date that an order is to be filled, generate calve lists at a warehouse, allocate an order to a particular transportation system mode and shipment, set delivery schedules of trucks, and place replenishment orders. Because operational decisions are being made in the short term (minutes, hours, or days), in that location is less uncertainty about demand information. Given the constraints set up by the configuration and planning policies, the goal during the operation phase is to exploit the diminution of uncertainty and optimize mechanismation.The design, planning, and operation of a supply chain have a strong impact on overall profitability and success. proceed with our example, consider Dell Computer. In the early 1990s, Dell management began to focus on improving the improved performance. Both profitabilit y and the stock footing have soared and Dell stock has had outstanding returns over this period. 4)Supply Chain Process Platform The winners in fiercely competitive markets create agile and in force(p) business processes, supported by flexible, reliable and cost-effective technology.When your market postal service depends on your supply chain, you need processes and solutions that work together seamlessly to provide the information and automate the activities you need to operate about effectively. All of Manhattan Associates solutions operate on a crude Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) platform, to maximize the value of your technology investment. With Manhattan Associates Supply Chain Process Platform, you can easily integrate any or all of our applications into your existing systems or add new solutions from our suite of products.That mode dramatic reductions in complexity and faster effectuation whenever you need new functionality. With shared master and transaction en tropybases, data secure management (such as voice and RFID) and a real time terrific system that operates across all Manhattan Associates solutions, the Supply Chain Process Platform provides a safeguard that flags any inconsistency in your data, ensuring a safe writ of act and continued smooth operation. Our Supply Chain Process Platform offers flexibility, scalability and supportability to decent the requirements of the most complex supply chains for the most demanding companies.The Manhattan Supply Chain Process Platform Makes customizing your solutions to meet your business requirements easier than ever Simplifies adding new functionalities or incorporating technical innovations Provides a shared platform for collecting, managing, distributing and acting on information and events that flow finished the supply chain Ensures that solutions are robust, scalable, resilient and agreeable across all components. Uniting the Platform Applications for Maximum ValueThe Supply Chain Process Platform provides a foundation for all Manhattan platform applications Supply Chain Intelligence With easy-to-read reports presenting powerful analytics, you can monitor the performance of your suppliers, carriers, customers and employees from one intuitive dashboard. Supply Chain Visibility See a single, consistent, real time view of your entire global supply chain. Supply Chain return Management Receive notification of all supply chain events as they occur and respond immediately across your full supply chain. 5) Supply Chain doing Achieving Strategic Fit Competitive strategy defines the set of customer needs a firm noticeks to satisfy through its products and service ? Product development strategy specifies the portfolio of new products that the company will try to develop ? Marketing and sales strategy specifies how the market will be segmented and product positioned, priced, and promoted ? Supply chain strategy assigns the nature of material procurement, transpo rtation of materials, manufacture of product or creation of service, distribution of product Consistency and support between supply chain strategy, competitive strategy, and other functional strategies is importantAchieving Strategic Fit(1/2) ? How is strategic fit achieved? ? new(prenominal) issues affecting strategic fit How is Strategic Fit Achieved? ? Step 1 Understanding the customer and supply chain uncertainty ? Step 2 Understanding the supply chain ? Step 3 Achieving strategic fit Step 1 Understanding the Customer and Supply Chain Uncertainty (1/3) ? Identify the needs of the customer segment being served ? Quantity of product needed in each lot ? Response time customers will tolerate ? contour of products needed ? Service level required ? Price of the product ? sought after rate of innovation in the product Overall attribute of customer demand ? Demand uncertainty uncertainty of customer demand for a product ? Implied demand uncertainty resulting uncertainty for the supp ly chain given the portion of the demand the supply chain must handle and attributes the customer desires ? Implied demand uncertainty also related to customer needs and product attributes ? First mensuration to strategic fit is to understand customers by mathematical function their demand on the implied uncertainty spectrum Step 2 Understanding the Supply Chain (1/2) ? How does the firm best meet demand? ? Dimension describing the supply chain is supply chain responsiveness Supply chain responsiveness ability to respond to wide ranges of quantities demanded meet short lead generation handle a galactic variety of products build highly innovative products meet a very high service level ? There is a cost to achieving responsiveness ? Supply chain cogency cost of making and delivering the product to the customer ? Increasing responsiveness results in higher costs that lower efficiency ? Figure 2. 3 cost-responsiveness expeditious border ? Figure 2. 4 supply chain responsiveness spectrum ? Second step to achieving strategic fit is to map the supply chain on the responsiveness spectrumStep 3 Achieving Strategic Fit ? Step is to ensure that what the supply chain does well is consistent with target customers needs Other Issues Affecting Strategic Fit ?Multiple products and customer segments ? Product life cycle ? Competitive changes over time 6)Drivers of Supply Chain Performance Supply chains are becoming increasingly global and ever more complex, as organizations try to support strategic management practices such as entering new markets, increasing the pace of new product introductions, improving the reliability and induce of order fulfillment . . . all the temporary hookup trying to lower supply chain costs.For organizations to work boneyly with their suppliers, logistics providers, distributors and retailers, their supply chains must be streamlined and technology-enabled. However, organizations that want to streamline their supply chains must first und erstand what is working well, what is not and where the opportunities for improvement are. These companies need to have a way to measure the performance of their supply chain on an ongoing fanny. Traditional approaches of measuring supply chain performance scorecards, dashboards and reports showing supply chain poetic rhythm suffer from three shortcomings 1) They are not associate to strategy. ) They have a silo approach. 3) They have a prone hierarchy. Lets examine each of these shortcomings more closely. They are not linked to strategy. It can be trying to see how a supply chain metric affects your overall objectives. If the metric is reduceing in the wrong direction, which aspect of your supply chain strategy will be affected? Without a poser that links each metric to a certain element of strategy, the condition behind a metric can get lost. When such scope is missing, it plows a challenge for organizations (large ones in particular) to get everyone to see the common vision.Next-generation Supply Chain Performance Management (SCPM) systems will need to be able to show the link between any metric and the element of strategy it impacts. They have a silo approach. Current supply chain analytics solutions do a good job of showing the performance of rhythmic pattern for individual departments, such as cost per unit purchased, percentage of on-time supplier shipment for the procurement department, or set-up times, capacity utilization and percentage of scrap for the plant.However, this type of silo approach sacrifices the overall process and end goals in the interest of improving the performance of an individual department. As a result, functional silos are reinforced within the organization. The key is to measure the performance of overall business process in such a way that poor performance of a departmental metric could be overlooked in the interest of increasing the overall business process performance. To achieve this, next-generation Supply Ch ain Performance Management systems will need to do more than show departmental metrics they need to have a process orientation. They have a flat hierarchy.The metrics that help you measure the overall performance of your supply chain are not standalone they are related to each other, sometimes in a hierarchical fashion. Such relationships help you drill agglomerate and better understand root cause more effectively. For example, if a hierarchical relationship were developed between outbound shipment cost metric and those metrics that affect shipment costs, your system will tell you that outbound shipment costs are trending up despite the carrier rates trending down due to lower fuel costs, because your express freight shipments in a certain division are up significantly month over month.However, most current supply chain analytics have no way to define such relationships. Next-generation Supply Chain Performance Management systems of tomorrow will need to be able to define and sho w relationships between metrics. What supply chain performance management systems must include All these issues need to be addressed by next-generation Supply Chain Performance Management systems. Such systems should include three capabilities an analytics model a process orientation and linkages. Analytics framework.The ideal SCPM system should allow a user to define a complete framework for supply chain analytics. This framework should include overall supply chain objectives the top-line metrics that affect the objective the description, targets and gratifying range for each metric and a list of reports where the metric can be found. 7. Designing the Supply Chain Network Overview In at presents volatile business environment, many companies are expanding, merging, contracting, or other redesigning their supply chain networks.Here learner applications of optimization models to the analysis of these network design problems. Modeling concepts are reviewed as well as practical meth ods for data gathering and validation, model implementation, and scenario construction. New applications will be presented including network design models to plan for new products, to manage production and inventories of products with short shelf lives, to take on vender contracts, and to control CO2 emissions. Several oddball studies will be presented along with discussions of network design problems faced by course attendees.Who Should control This program is intended for Managers and analysts responsible for network design decision-making Managers and analysts responsible for getting or developing, and applying data-driven simulation systems to support network design decision-making Consultants who direct or enroll in network design studies Academics who teach supply chain subjects to students in management and engineering Participants will not need go on analytical skills to fully absorb material presented in the program. )DEMAND AND SUPPLY supplying IN SCM SCM facechall enges to people at manufacturing companies who need to gauge customer demand and respond to changes in demand, even when they take place at a moments notice. Manufacturers responsiveness and agility in the areas of sales and operations planning (SOP) and demand managementthe two major parts of supply chain planningare pacify hampered by cumbersome, static processes. Common problems include need of real-time, robust, and actionable data. Lack of integration among financial, operating, sales, and marketing plans. Inability of people to share information and documents. Poor analytical capabilities and collaborative planning environments. Lack of alert and observe capabilities. Solutions Supply Chain Demand and Supply Planning solutions from Microsoft and its partner ecosystem help manufacturers change the way they manage their supply chains to become more demand-driven, adaptive, and responsive.By improving peoples visibility into customer demand and supplier capabilities, these sol utions create an environment that enables real-time decisions about manufacturing activity, which can lower inventory while improving customer service. Demand management solutions offer real-time demand management business processes, delivered with an integrated business intelligence and collaboration framework, to put people with collaboration and analytic capabilities.Sales and operations planning (S&OP) solutions, which include connected systems, process workflows, event management, and live communication, offer collaboration, analysis, integration, workflow, and monitoring functionality throughout all phases of a manufacturers SOP workflowbeginning with the baseline forecast created by people in the manufacturers sales and marketing departments, all the way through the forecast for a specific customer, the creation of a consensus forecast, supply planning, dissolvent and censure processes, approval and budgeting, sales allocations, order promising, and communication with the manufacturers production facilities. Infor Supply Chain Management is a global solution with implementations at over 1,600 customer sites in 40 countries. Backed by domain experts who know supply chain management and the challenges you face, our supply chain planning and execution solutions comprise the following key components Strategic Network Design modeling and optimization tools for determining the most effective number, location, size, and capacity of facilities to meet customer service goals time-phased tactical planning for determining where and when to make, buy, store, and move product through the network.Demand Planning forecasting tools, web-based collaboration interface, and sales and operations reporting and metrics that help companies predict and shape customer demand with greater accuracy. statistical distribution Planning inventory analysis and time-variable stock target calculations for ensuring the optimal oddment between service levels and inventory investment s ynchronized replenishment plans for all network points right stake to manufacturing and supplier sources for better visibility. Manufacturing Planning constraint-based travel planning system for engineering, assembly, and repetitive manufacturing environments similar tools for process manufacturers. Production programming finite capacity scheduling for engineering, assembly, and repetitive environments, as well as batch-process production facilities.Transportation and Logistics Planning transportation planning, transportation procurement, route planning, transportation management, littler parcel shipping, and international trade logistics for global, multi-modal operations. Warehouse Management System throughout fulfillment and distribution including inventory, labor, and work and task management, as well as cross-docking, value-added work, yard management, eightfold inventory ownership and billing/invoicing, and voice-directed distribution. RFID world-wide RFID-enablement fr amework delivering business value through process optimization for manufacturers and other companies, as well as compliance solutions for retail, pharmaceuticals, the US Department of Defense, and others.Event Management proactive, real-time exception management technology for detecting conditional change anywhere in the supply chain and communicating it instantly for resolution. 9)Planning and managing inventory By Curt Barry Inventory is most likely the largest balance sheet plus in your company. How well you plan, purchase, and manage your inventory largely determines your level of customer service and profits. merely selling goods in multiple channels means dealing with channel-specific planning and inventory needs. Planning and inventory systems In most companies, the systems for merchandise planning and inventory control remain highly split up by channel.For promotional planning, many multichannel companies need to be more patient and use a single promotional calendar rat her than channel-specific schedules on which merchandise planning is based. These should include in-store promotions, catalogs, and netmail campaigns. Internet inventory management philosophies are slowly evolving in most companies. Traditional catalogers now mediocre more than 50% of sales from the Internet, although more of that business is generated by know of the catalog. Products whitethorn be active and available longer if there is stock. What sells online is to a great extent influenced by placement on landing pages and organization and ranking within category product searches.The online product assortment can be more extensive than that in a single catalog. Internet may have a total chain assortment different from any one store or region. The Website may have a kick the bucketance or small town aspect. These principles of planning and managing inventory are not industry established best practices, but are being hammered out in the trenches every day. From a purchasin g perspective, companies are rolling multiple channel plans and forecasts together into a single purchase order management system to write Pos. When will there be true integrated systems for planning and inventory systems? For most companies, not any time soon. Retail and direct channels have different data needs and processes.It will belike be a few years before commercial software companies that cater to retail and direct have the most basic of systems in place. MICROS Retail, Direct Tech, and Manhattan Associates all have development projects to bring channels together in terms of planning and inventory systems. Channel Inventory a distribution view With all the complexities of planning and inventory control, how are distribution centers accommodating the channels? When multichannel marketing was in its infancy more than a decade ago, the prevalent thinking was to have a single DC that would process both direct and retail replenishment orders. There would be one pooled inventor y, one staff and one facility end of discussion. But logistics thinking is ever-changing.But to accomplish this, they have the additional overhead of multiple facilities and staffing, and their warehouse management and order management must be capable of managing multiple inventories and allocating and filling orders. As e-commerce in retail companies has large(p) substantially, logistics management has come to realize that picking, packing, and shipping of small orders is very different from full-carton replenishment to stores. With large volumes it may prove to be more efficient to have commit centers for direct. Another of the real drivers behind this shift is the realization that without having separate sales and stock plans, there is no accountability by business units to make their sales plans.So if the first unit to allocate inventory gets the stock, then there may not be inventory for later drops of a catalog, e-mail campaigns, initial stocks to open stores, etc. Other co mpanies use a realistic inventory concept, not in the sense of drop-shipping, but of the inventory system being able to keep planned sales by product and SKU by channel, and being able to reserve inventory for the channel business unit. Importings effect Where we source product is also changing how we can plan and manage it. Much of the multichannel world relies on merchandise product. Even if you buy from a domestic distributor, chances are that merchandise is imported.Additionally, companies may not be looking at a fully steady product cost including agents/brokers fees, demurrage, duty rate, product development costs, and buyers travel. Couple that with warehouse storage space requirements for container size receipts and the inventory carrying costs. All of this leads to higher inventory and carrying costs and slower turnover. What to do about it? Use mixed container loading, where appropriate. Weigh the increase in per unit cost to take smaller quantities. Move the entire me rchandise and creative planning calendar for promotions rear end and do each season earlier (no easy task). Challenge merchants to look Stateside to try to get the product with smaller quantities, or to develop product in the U. S. and later roll it out off-shore if it sells. Tackle the issue of ccounting for all the product costs to be sure you have an accurate, fully flush cost and sufficient initial markup without being overstocked. Liquidating overstocks Inventory that doesnt sell and excreting are two dreaded aspects to merchandising. Because you have to take in bigger imported orders and distribute to more channels, you need a cost effective strategy for in-season liquidation and clearance. In a cost-based system its hard to determine how much gross margin is lost in marking down retail prices. Our experience is that it may represent 2% to 4% of net sales at least. What to do about it? Develop a liquidation strategy. Options include clearance catalogs, Web specials, bind-in or package inserts, sales pages, and prognosticate offers. Develop a report showing candidates for liquidation based on rate of sale. Develop an age of inventory report that will age products in time brackets (30 days, etc. ) to stay on top of inventory. transportation, importing, retail versus direct packaging, technology used in the supply chain and DCs, etc. All this necessitates setting standards with vendors so that you arent working on an exception basis with every one. Vendor compliance and supply chain In most multichannel businesses the size of the product assortment and vendor base have grown dramatically. Supply chains have become increasingly complex with modes of vendor compliance is at the heart of efficient supply chain management.Routing inbound shipments to reduce costs and scheduling inbound appointments can help speed product flow through the DC, significantly helping in turn to reduce inventory levels. Automating the supply chain through advanced shipping noti fications (ASNs), RFID, and cross-docking to stores can go a long way toward reducing costs, but these cannot be implemented without a comprehensive vendor compliance policy. sire small by communicating your company vision, the need for on-time delivery, routing guides, inbound dock standards like carton labeling, product specifications, accounting and paperwork requirements, contact list, and the costs of back orders. Begin a charge-back policy and implement it with your largest vendors.Later, you can add other items that are typically include, such as service level standards, packaging, labeling, case labeling, valued and value-added services, logistical requirements, scheduling appointments, cross-docking and direct-to-store requirements, charge back for non-compliance, etc. The trend is to push compliance back up the supply chain. This means as many value-added services as possible packaging, marking, quality inspections performed by vendors or merchant reps in factories. Cat ching errors at the source and using source-based services speeds inventory flow, and any such issues are cheaper to deal with in the vendors environment. 10)ACHIEVING SCM excellence A new survey reveals what separates manufacturing industry leaders from laggards IT HAS BEEN several years since a comprehensive and independent survey of the state of supply chain management (SCM) in the paper manufacturing industry has been carried out.A lot has happened both in the industry and in the field of SCM during this time. Moderator Consulting carried out an extensive survey during July-October 2005 to see where we stand today. Altogether 11 European paper companies participated in the survey, which cover issues such as SCM strategy, process and management models, reporting systems, managing customer relationships, efficient operations, people and supporting systems and emerging plans. The respondents covered all the main product groups in nine European countries. The results of individual companies were obviously kept purely confidential. Common terminology and definitions were used in the survey to ensure common understanding of the questions and issues.The results provide a good cross-section of the industry performance and challenges. Besides being a major cost and working hood factor, SCM can also be considered a source of significant competitive edge. Some of the findings are listed below. 1. Nearly half the respondents still need to develop more robust SCM strategies. While all companies said they have an SCM strategy, the content, communication and integration into overall business strategy in many cases leaves much to be desired. For instance, some companies had no logistics provider strategy or did not include development of cost factors. 2. The industry has clearly been moving toward a more integrated management structure.Most SCM-related decisions, such as strategy, demand planning and vendor and location management are present tense made at corporate / business area levels, with sales companies and mills mostly in an execution role (Figure 1). However, even though management structures are more integrated, several companies have yet to adopt more of a process approach, with the processes and their ownerships defined. Systems for monitoring key performance indicators (KPIs) seem nowadays to be at a reasonably good level in nearly all the respondent companies. 3. The outsourcing process appears to be complete. The dominant logistics management mode is nowadays clearly preferred partnerships on average 60%, and covering the whole infrastructure.Interestingly although preferred partnerships was stated as the dominant transport mode, respondents still had between 50 and 100 regular haulage partners in use on average. This may indicate room for some further consolidation. IT systems management is the exception to the outsourcing rule very few companies have outsourced this aspect of their operations. 4. Many companies still need to s egment their customers and define corresponding service levels for each customer or customer group. This may mean that these companies are offering the alike(p) service, such as dedicated stocks or a 24 hr/ single pallet delivery with corresponding costs to all or most of their customers.This can hardly be optimal from a cost-to-serve viewpoint, unless price supplements are enforced. However, customers rarely accept such surcharges nowadays. 5. Surprisingly few customers participate in the demand planning processes (only five to 10 on average). exponentiation in this context means active involvement and, considering the industrys forecasting challenges this may offer an improvement in some industry segments. Transaction mechanization with customers and logistics providers also offers big potential only 10-20% and 50% respectively said they currently transact electronically. More standardization is needed. 6. Most companies seem sooner satisfied with their IT systems.On a scale of one (very dissatisfied) to five (very satisfied), a clear majority of the companies gave a mark of four for most of their systems, such as mill execution, sales and distribution and data warehousing. The substantial investments in IT systems over recent years appear to have paid off in a number of cases. 7. Most companies were satisfied with both the number and eager of their SCM personnel. Main training requirements were focused on customer relations issues. 8. upcoming development needs to be carefully planned. As generic future goals, most respondents stated that their main focuses are on cost and inventory reductions, as well as on improving customer service. modify internal integration and process management was also listed as a priority generic target.However, these may be conflicting targets, unless planned carefully. More specifically, the respondents were asked to prioritize a list of 14 specific SCM initiatives provided, based on their planned implementation in the n ext three years initiatives included issues such as RFID, vendor managed inventory (VMI), activity based costing, harmonisation of IT infrastructure, e-commmerce with logistics providers and offering outsourcing capabilities to customers. The clear winners were VMI, e-commerce projects and collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR) following close behind. These are huge undertakings with significant risks, resource and planning requirements.However, the companies that successfully implement them would take their supply chain to an entirely new level of sophistication, responsiveness, efficiency and transparency. Finally,The industry has been moving toward a more integrated and customer-centric management approach. fabrication and customer consolidation are the most likely reasons for this. IT systems and performance monitoring finally appear to be in good shape in most companies. This is a good basis for future development, even though many companies revealed some worrying weaknesses in a number of critical areas and are clearly lagging behind the leaders. The leading companies based on this survey can best be characterized as having a clear, comprehensive and well-communicated SCM strategy.They also have an integrated management structure and KPI monitoring in place processes are defined in detail service/cost tradeoffs are optimized logistics partners are managed efficiently they have implemented wellfunctioning IT systems and have efficient and well trained people, all of which are reflected also in their costs and performance. Is this just good, basic management? Easy to say, much more difficult to accomplish in real life Furthermore, the leaders have challenging plans for the future especially in areas involving their customers. These companies are clearly outperforming their peers and they are well positioned to increase their competitive edge by efficiently and intelligently part their customers.

Ethnic Notions Essay

Ethnic Notions is a documentary directed by Marlon Riggs. The title itself explains what the movie is about-impressions of race. Throughout the documentary, Riggs presents the storey of stereotypes and shows how they still pull by. In todays society we have survive so accustomed with stereotypes that they atomic number 18 considered normal. The movie Ethnic Notations introduces the problem of stereotypes by explaining their origin and history, giving examples, and showing how they still exist today, so that we are no longer fooled and unaware of stereotyping and racism. During the early and mid 1900s mysterious people were depicted on television and media as ignorant, queasy, violent and small to albumen people. These negative, degrading and horrible images of vague people over metre shaped peoples views and thoughts about black people and this was how stereotypes were created. Media utilize caricatures which are exaggerated representations of people to get racist views across to flannel and black American people.One example of a caricature is The Sambo. The Sambo was a caricature created to depict the black male as being lazy, small fry care ignorant and care-free making the black male seem much like a child than a male. A nonher example of a racist caricature is pickaninnies which are black children. Pickaninnies were depicted as ugly kids with rough wooly hair, big eyes, dark black skin, big mouths and beady red lips. Pickaninnies often resembled animals in children cartoons and were viewed as savage by white people. One of the most popular caricatures of the 1900s is the mammie caricature. The Mammie was an older black adult female who took care of the white mans family. Mammies were shoed as good-natured mother figures who were fat black and unattractive. Mammies were created to show that some blacks were happy as slaves and loved black people.These stereotypes were disturbing, degrading and in most cases poor representations of black p eople. It saddens me how whites could think so low of black people or what perpetually other human being at all. Sadly stereotypes still exist today in television, media and society. One stereotype I feel unimpeachably still exist today ids the Sambo stereotype although there are considerable black actors that play dramatic roles most black men in the media are still shown as being careless and immature.However not all stereotypes today are exactly the same as the caricatures from the twentieth century but a new modern version. For example kind of of black women being depicted as unattractive mammies on television, they are now ghetto loud and un-lady like. Sometimes I even find myself playing out a stereotype, like being loud or cursing in public. After watching Ethnic Notions I feel like stereotypes are too deeply rooted in Americas culture to ever be completely gone. Although this conclusion is unfortunate I do mean that we could make people believe in stereotypes less and less through media, by depicting blacks in a more positive light.

Is Macbeth a Shakespearean Tragic Hero? Essay

In umteen of Shakespeares plays a sad superstar appears and is actu tout ensembley overmuchtimes the focal point. In order to settle whether Macbeths consultation falls in to that particular category. I need to consider what f stand forors pass water a sad hero. The tragic hero a great deal originates as a throw of greatness and close toone with a high social status. His greatness often degenerates due to a contribution flaw of some kind. The essence of many of Shakespeares tragic heroes is that the frontmingly good parts of their character wrench against them and instigate their downfall. The character always suffers, which creates sympathy in spite of appearance the lector, in particular as it is in contrast with previous happiness.Often the actions of the tragic hero create self-inflicted vile. Other people are generally runed by his tragedy, unless on differing scales depending on the play. A deep internal battle often rages within the tragic hero as he b attles with his whizz of right and wrong, but he doesnt often listen to reason. A key itemor of the tragic hero is that the audience radiate much pity and sympathy for the character. crimson gmgh he has done wrong, he was once great, and he whitethorn scent remorse for his actions. At the end of the play the tragic hero invariably dies. This is often for political reasons, or for morale impact. Goodness moldiness always prevail.One of the first factors I stated that creates a tragic hero is someone of greatness. Macbeth has much respect from others be motive of his courageousness on the battlefield.For brave Macbeth-well he deserves that name-Disdaining fortune with his brandishd steel.Macbeth clearly has earnt praise from his peers and conducts approval from those of a higher social status. He is a loyal warrior, whose efforts are to a fault acknowl moldingd by even the King.He was a gentleman on whom I builtAn absolute trust.Dun laughingstock recognises Macbeths greatness a nd evidently has a high opinion of him. He respects Macbeth to the point where he invests much trust within him and al just about views him as an equal. These feelings from a King staggeringly re-enforce Macbeths greatness.No less to pay off done so, let me twine theeAnd hold thee to my heart.This implies a dummy up relationship of make a motionion. Such a close bond conveys that Macbeth moldiness appear a patriotic, and just man especially in the eyes of the King. He is rewarded by adopting the title of Thane of Cawdor. He is maturement in social status which is other common trait of a tragic hero.The contributor is soon to learn that despite the fact Macbeth appears to be a great man, there are many flaws in his character, the most poignant being excessive ambition.Stars hide your firesLet light not see my dark and deep desires.Macbeth appears shocked at his own nuisance thoughts. The witches prophecies have instigated the ambitious part of his nature to be accentuated.le t us speakOur free hearts to each other.Banquo does not share Macbeths ambition, so Macbeth lies to his friend. The reader starts to see the extremity of Macbeths ambitious nature.And stick out a coward in thine own esteemI dare do all that may become a man.A huge character flaw of Macbeth is that he is slowly influenced. dame Macbeth holds so much proponent over him, and can manipulate him. She overpowers and influences Macbeth greatly and creates a reaction in him that favours her. This easily influenced part of his nature is in addition shown when the witches prophecies instigate execration thoughts within him.Another common flaw in a Shakespearean tragic hero is jealousy. Macbeth displays this very frequently.(Aside) The Prince of Cumberland that is a stepOn which I must fall down, or else oerleapFor in my way it lies.Macbeth is jealous of Malcom, as he is the son of Duncan, this instigates more evil, murderous thoughts within Macbeth. This excessive ambition, jealousy, and easily influenced nature turn Macbeth into a murderer.Despite this, Macbeth knows that Duncans murder is not just. Macbeth continually battles with his conscience during the play, and much of this misdeed is radiated in his soliloquy, when he can show his true feelings. As his hostWho should against his murderer shut the approachnot bear the knife myself.Macbeth knows his role, as host should be to value his guest here in double trust. Macbeth acknowledges the fact that Duncan sees him in a great light and has great respect for him.Macbeth refers to the murder as the all-fired business. A euphemism is utilised as Macbeth cannot accept what he is about to do and cannot demo up to this evil side of his character.This supernatural solicitingCannot be ill, cannot be good.Indecisiveness is heavily portrayed here as Macbeth is in a deep internal battle. He knows that treason is wrong, but he also longs to be King, he tries to convince himself his actions can be justified, but his conscience tell him otherwise. Macbeth wants to hold dear his own title and image, and doesnt want to face up to the consequences of murder, but good-tempered agonises over the decision.Macbeth is evidently anguish greatly because of his conscience. He feels extremely guilty, but tries to hide this fact. We see much essay of the effect his conscience has on Macbeth after the murder of Duncan.Is this a gummed label which I see before me?The handle towards my hand?This quotation conveys to the reader the extent of Macbeths suffering. He is stirred mentally as he hallucinates and is haunted by disturbing images.I had most need of stir and AmenStuck in my throat.Macbeth is denied the ability to turn to God. In violent deathing the King he has move overed treason against God, so his faith is refused from him. Insomnia is inflicted upon him, and Macbeth can find no solace.We have scorched the snake, not killd itThis quotation conveys that Macbeth has no tranquillity and stabil ity he knows he forget need to agree on killing. He states his mind of full of scorpions clearly showing he is extremely traumatized.Macbeth progresses to be almost envious of Duncan and Banquo.Better be with the deadThan the wring of the mind to lieIn restless ecstasy.The murders have affected him in such a way that Macbeth yearns for the appealing peacefulness of death. These hint at primary suicidal thoughts, a hugely troubled mind is conveyed.We see more evidence of Macbeths guilt causing him great suffering when Banquos ghost haunts him. He can no longer keep control of himself, and his mental instability is conveyed to his peers.Thou canst not say I did it never shakeThy gory locks at me.Macbeth visualises this apparition. His mental state is to the extent that he not only acknowledges the ghost, but also interacts with it, even though he is in the presence of his peers. Macbeth is highly affected by this hallucination. Not only does it affect opinion of him, but leaves him troubled and confused. Self-inflicted suffering is a poignant factor within a Shakespearean tragic hero, and other factor that applies to Macbeth. His conscience creates the ghost to be other reminder of the evil he has done. He cannot escape his guilt that his owns flaws and his own faults have manifested.understandably the murders are having disastrous effects on Macbeth, but his actions also affect others. Macbeths need to kill results in him planning the murder of Fleance and Banquo. He is jealous of Banquo because he knows his children will never be King.Upon my head they placd a fruitless crownAnd put a barren threshold in my gripe.Macbeth has a great determination to remain King and to protect his status. He almost becomes obsessed by it, and taking peoples lives becomes meaningless and just inevitable steps for him/ Give to thedge othswordHis wife, his babes and all unfortunate soulsThat trace him in the line.He is portrayed as being more than willing to kill innocent wo men and children if they threaten his reign as King. Macbeth is a ruthless despot in protecting his throne.Macbeths actions do not just affect other people, but the earth itself. Macbeth has murdered the King, who was appointed directly by God. This Divine Right of the King means God will penalize all earth fro allowing this act of treason occurs. Displeasing God is another common factor within a Shakespearean tragic hero. almost say, the earthWas feverous and did shake.This quotation infers how nature is heavily disrupted. dame Macbeth is profoundly troubled as a result of her keep ups actions. She is traumatised by her conscience, and her guilt overwhelms her.DoctorRemove from her the means of all annoyanceAnd still keep eyes upon her.The Doctor appears adamant that Lady Macbeth will commit suicide, so advises Macbeth to watch over her. She hallucinates and mirrors other forms of suffering that Macbeth radiated. Eventually Lady Macbeth does kill herself, as she has been so hea vily affected by her husbands deeds.As a result of Macbeths obsession with be King, he proves to be an inefficient one. He is too preoccupied with his guilt and determination the whole of Scotland suffers from his lack of devotion. Alas poor country nigh too afraid to know itselfWhere sighs, and groans, and shrieks that rend the airThis is yet another trait of a tragic hero. He, whether inadvertently or not, greatly inflicts suffering on others.Despite all of this, the reader still feels a sense of pity towards Macbeth. He was once great, and one of the great factors in him turn around to be his downfall. In many ways, Macbeth was influenced into his actions. To begin with the witches planted the sentiment into his mind, and pushed him into justifying his actions. Lady Macbeth instigated the murder, and manipulated him to carry through with this deed. The inferiority of her gender meant she needed him to act through.But screw your courage to the sticking placeAnd well not fail.Ma cbeth is very easily influenced, so can be manipulated continually by Lady Macbeth.We also feel a sense of pity, because Macbeth is so heavily affected by his actions. He is traumatised and destroyed. He often shows remorse and regret fro his actions. inflame Duncan with thy knocking I would thouCouldst.Macbeth is tricked by the witches prophecies. He takes the apparitions literally and is lulled into a false sense of security. For none of woman bornShall harm Macbeth.We feel pity as Macbeths trust and faith in the witches predictions cause his death. He is tricked into feeling protected, but the witches words have other meanings.Readers often feel pity for the Shakespearean tragic hero, but despite this fact we accept he needs to die. Political and moral reasons dictate this fact. If he had lived, then murder and evil could be justified. Treason against the King or Queen or ultimately God could go unpunished.Resulting from the readers accumulating sympathy for Macbeth, there is som e apparent sadness surrounding his death. He is extremely brave which creates much admiration fro him.Though Birnam Wood be come to DunsinaneAnd thou opposd being of no woman born,Yet I will try the last. Before my body,I throw my warlike shield.Macbeth knows his death in an inevitable fact, but despite this he fights to the bitter end. We see some of Macbeths past greatness in his last moments.Macbeth can be portrayed as a victim, this fact and the fact that he does adds to the strength of the play. It instigates a variation of emotions within the reader, which makes it an intense experience. Without Macbeths death, much of this would be lost. This ending complies with a tragic heroes exit to a play.I conclude that Macbeth can indeed be classified as a Shakespearean tragic hero. He radiates all of the factors I first portrayed a tragic hero to have. Macbeth falls from greatness due to a character flaw, his suffering is self-inflicted and this affects others. A continual battle wit h his conscience is conveyed within Macbeth, and the reader is made to pity him. We are left with a classic edition of a Shakespearean tragic hero, and a very compelling character. Macbeth exuberates all of the common characteristics of one of Shakespeares favourite classifications, but is still an certain figure, which greatly adds to the effectiveness of the play.

Emotions and memory Essay

In our unremarkable life, we rely on our look oning to fully function. We either have to bow kayoed whatsoeverthing so trivial such as where we left our keys, or we impoverishment to remember names of college classmates that we have not seen for a very abundant time. Given this fact, we ask, what exactly is remembering, what argon the processes wantd in this cognitive function, and what be the factors that locomote our remembering?Memory is said to be the process and factor by which we retain information and later on retrieve that selfsame(prenominal) information from storage when we need it in the present (Bjorklund, Schneider, & Hernandez Blasi, 2003 Crowder, 1976 Tulving & Craik, 2000). When we eff something, we do not entirely store all the information in our retentivity. Studies order of battle that there be different techniques that aid in adequate retentivity retention. There argon excessively several dynamic theories about memory world a storage home f or all our past experiences which involve sensory and informative data.Furthermore, there are also various processes through with(predicate) which we could overture, re look to, remember, or recognize these data in our memory. Although there are grand research studies about memory and its processes, it is interesting to look at some factors that aid or hinder memory recall and retention. One of these factors which are given particular interest and attention is the role of feel on our memory. There are instances when we recall a part of our memory in vivid clarity as if it is reenacted in our minds and retrieved in full point in time.This is what we call flashbulb memory (Brown & Kulik, 1977). The reason behind this phenomenon is that the cause that happened could be so ruttishly powerful that it became strongly retained in our memory. In the event that you experience something that has a very strong worked up impact, you tend to remember the details more clearly and when you need to retrieve that certain information, you would be able to easily recall it accurately (Bohannon, 1988).This could manifest in twain the explicit and implicit memory, with the former requiring the person to deliberately pull out the memory from storage and put it out in consciousness, and the latter being an automatic response to the emotional trigger. To further illustrate the capacity of affect to influence memory, a study was made by Heuer and Reisberg in 1990 which come oned that materials which presentation more emotion than similar ones with less emotional impact are more likely to be stored in ones memory and could be therefore retrieved easily in general and in detail as well (Christianson, 1992).Furthermore, it was also found that the idea or emotion where we were in when a specific situation happened would most likely reply as a retrieval cue when we experience the same mood in the present (Baddeley, 1989). For an instance, when we experience a certain situatio n when we are in a evidence of sadness, we would most likely remember the memory of the same experience when we are placed in the same emotional state. This is called the memory-dependent memory effects (Christianson, 1992). Biologically-speaking, the interaction between memory and affect could be attributed to certain processes in various parts of the brain. spirit processes involved in the evaluation of rewards and punishments are directly related to affect in the sense that it depends upon the emotional impact of a certain situation to be heady if it is a form of a compensation or a penalisation (Rolls, 2000). Because of this, it could be inferred that since emotion influences memory processes, data-driven information and past situations are stored in our memory in the basis of a reward-punishment system. Essentially, when a certain event, person, place, or thing is categorized as something rewarding, it could be more easily encoded and retrieved.This categorization and selec tion happens in the amygdala, which is the center of emotional processing, and the data that get to authorize through and be encoded encompass the mechanism in the hippocampus, which is on the other hand related to memory. Emotions disinhibit the barrier that the CA3 hippocampal area creates and so the data inputs could because proceed to the prefrontal cerebral cortex to be stored in memory (Neugebauer, et al. , 1999). It is also found in the study by Fast, et al. (1999) that the amygdaloid interwoven is primarily responsible with the emotional mechanism which affects memory retrieval.Subjects who have lesions in the amygdalo-hippocampal area do not only suffer from amnesia, but they also show significant impairments in memory process related with emotional arousal. The reason behind this is that the AC organizes the information that are encoded, stored, and retrieved in our memory. other effect that emotion has on memory is what is called by Christianson (1992) as imaginativ eness allocation effects, which is the impairment of the memory processing when a person experience an extreme or negative emotion or mood during encode or retrieval.In this case, the person might find it difficult to access his/her memory of a certain situation, person, thing, or place because it has become a somewhat traumatic experience and the emotion that goes with it blocks the memory process. There are also some contradicting views that affect could not facilitate the retrieval or encoding of memory information. Some studies say that experiencing a negative emotion, for an instance, could keep open the person from remembering the details of a certain situation or event.This is the reason why most researchers focus on the determinants and factors which would tell what specific kind of data or information does emotion facilitate or impede. Although most of the existing studies focus on the effects of emotion on the memory processes, there are also some minor studies which sho w that memories of past experiences affect the present mood or emotional state of a person (Christianson, 1992). Though this angle is not yet looked at more closely by researchers, we most of the time experience this feeling, which we sometimes call nostalgia.Because memory and emotion are such complex topics when analyze on their own, it is a more complicated feat to research on the interaction of the two concepts and their effect on each other. However, a green goddess of studies are being made in order to understand violate these two psychological phenomena when they intertwine in their processes and how they affect the human psyche.ReferencesBaddeley, A. D. (1989). The psychological science of remembering and forgetting. In T. Butler (Ed. ) Memory History, culture and the mind. London sweet basil Blackwell. Bjorklund, D. F. , Schneider, W., & Hernandez Blasi, C. (2003). Memory. In L. Nadel (Ed. ), Encyclopedia of cognitive science, 2, p. 1059-1065. Nature Publishing Group. Boh annon, J. (1988). Flashbulb memories for the space shuttle disaster A tale of two theories. Cognition, 29(2), p. 179-196. Brown, R. & Kulik, J. (1977). Flashbulb memories. Cognition, 5, p. 73-99. Christianson, S. (1992). The handbook of emotion and memory research and theory. Crowder, R. G. (1976). Principles of learning and memory. Erlbaum. Fast, K. , Fujiwara, E. , Grubich, C. , Markowitsch, H. J. , & Herrmann, M. (1999).Role of the amygdala in emotional memory. Memory and Emotion. p. 430. Neugebauer, A. , Calabrese, P. , Schmieder, K. , Harders, A. , Ferri, D. & Gehlen, W. (1999). Memory and emotion processing in lusty subjects, focal brain-damaged and patients with Alzheimers disease. Memory and Emotion. p. 113. Rolls, E. T. (2000). Precis of the brain and emotion. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 23. p. 177-191. Sternberg, R. J. (2006). Cognitive psychology. Singapore Thomson Wadsworth. Tulving, E. , & Craik, F. I. M. (Eds. ) (2000). The Oxford handbook of memory. New York Oxfo rd University Press.

Evaluate the Usefulness of a Range of Criteria Available for Measuring

cultivation is the use of resources and the application of available technology in order to adopt about an ontogenyd standard of living within a rude. *1 in that respect argon variations in the economic breeding of different countries this has address to the formation of the Development Gap. In 1980, the Brandt Report divided the universe into racy ( northwestern) and poor (South) sectors and found that in developing countries more than 800 trillion are impoerished and 17 zillion die needlessly before they are five years old. 25 per cent of the worlds population live in the north honest gull 80 per cent of all the goods made. everywhere the years in that respect has been a wide twine of criteria use for step development. These measures befuddle included gross national product which is used when looking at the wealth of a country and gross national product per capita which looks at the wealth of a country when divided by the number of lot.There are specific measur es, for type number of concourse per doctor, adult literacy, food for thought intake and birth & shoemakers last rates. These are useful measures when looking at specific areas of development but are too specific when dealing with development as a whole.HDI is also used to bridge the gap amidst GNP and the new(prenominal) specific measures. It is made up by using a range of data.This report will investigate which measures are the most useful at giving a true and fair view of how fast development is taking place in a sample of countries and the reasons for this. The countries used (as shown on appendix 2 a world map) were selected by choosing every 7th country from appendix 1, The World Social and Economic Statistics)*1 bloodline Letts, A2 in a week Geography.AnalysisThe Gross National output (GNP) of a country is one of the most recognisable measures of development. It is an estimate of the think of of the countries production and measures the value of goods and services p rovided in a country, plus the balance wheel of income from abroad.Until it is sort by the population of the country (creating GNP per capita) GNP it is non an accurate measure of development. This is because one country with 7 million people could bemuse the same output as a poorer country with 700 million people.HDI was devised by the United Nations and ranks all countries, taking into account their national income, biography antepast, adult literacy and years people spend in reading, which in themselves could be used as measures of development. It is a measure of national human progress. It is measured on a scale of between 0 and 1 with the more au hencetic countries near 1 and the least highly-developed countries nearer 0.Food recess is the average number of calories a person consumes per day. The more developed a country is the more calories are person is likely to intake, as food is more exhibitily available.Adult Literacy is the percentage of males and females that are unable to read or write a simple sentence. Again, the more developed a country is the natural depressioner this figure will be.In more developed countries at that place tend to be more doctors per a small segment of society, so wellness care tends to be better, this could lengthen life expectancy of a country.The semi-log graph shows that countries with a high GNP per capita tend to impart a low doctors per population figure but for those countries with a low GNP there is no pattern for doctors per population, with Burkina Faso having a GNP of US$ 180 and having 34804 people per doctor where as the Gambia has a GNP per capita of US$ 320 but Gambians have 1400 people per doctor.The only apparent anomaly on this graph was for the data for Mozambique that has a GNP of US$ 2000 and 36225 people per doctor. In relation to Togo, they have fewer doctors per person but a higher(prenominal) GNP.This could have been because in 1975 the government, nationalized health services and so doctors that were practicing for profit may have stopped practicing as they did not want to practice in a nationalized health service.In 1985 Mozambique, was effected by drought hint to a loss of 25% of all grain produced, leading to mass starvation, so people with specialist qualifications such as doctors may have found employment in other countries in order to confirm their families from starving. This is likely to have been similar in 1991 when the country was affected by drought again.The GambiaThe Gambia is a LEDC in West Africa. The Gambia has a GNP of US$ 354 million, this is extremely low when compared to US$ 1094734 million but when split between the 1.2 million inhabitants equaling a GNP per capital of US$ 320 million, where as Britains GNP per capita when split between its 268 million inhabitants is US$ 18700 million, so Gambias GNP per Capita is relatively very low as well.The Gambias GNP is split, 1.8% spent on health (Britain sends 2.5 times this amount on health care), 2.7% spent on education (half of what Britain spends) and 3.8% spent on the military (which is 0.7% more than Britain, but of a smaller figure so Britain is spending more money on its military, just a lesser percentage).Gambians take in approximately 2360 calories per day and have 1400 people per doctor. This compares to 3732 calories per day and 421 people per doctor in Britain.In the 1980s there was a sudden drop in the production of agricultural exports receivable to several severe drought. This led to an increase in unemployment, migration to the capital and an increase in foreign dept to import food. In 1993 agriculture and tourism was crash by the consequences of the atomic number 63an economic crisis.The Gambias trade with Senegal was also damaged when the interchange Bank of Western African States decided to stop financing trade. The delivery is now improving due to a developing tourist industriousness with new hotels being built to capitalize on the European tour ist.CubaCuba has a GNP of US$ 13700 million but with a population of 11.3 million its GNP per capita is US$ 1250 million. Although Cuba has a higher GNP than Gambia, it also has a larger population to share it between, although Cubas GNP per capita is still high.Cubas GNP until 1990 relied on highly upon the former Soviet Union and other Eastern European countries and so with the fall of communism, Cubas GNP will have fallen.Its 1994 Cubas HDI position was 0.723, this in relation to The Gambia is high because the Gambias HDI is only 0.281, but in comparison to Sweden Cuba has a low HDI as Swedens HDI is 0.936 while Cubas population food intake (in calories per day) is 2833. There are 275 people per doctor this could be because Cuba spends 7.9% of its GNP on health services.In the 1960s the Cuban government, under their leader Castro, ran campaigns to throw overboard Cuba of illiteracy and meliorate health services and by 1964 the illiteracy campaign was complete and Cuba was free of illiteracy. Cuba could remain free of illiteracy today because they spend 6.6% of their GNP on education.The military budget will have been gradually reduced over recent years after the threat from the United States of America had subsided after the Cold Was finished, and now only 2.8% of the GNP is spent on the military. nowadays Cuba is been advertised as a tourist destination, this will help to harass their GNP as there will be more money coming into the country, which can then go into services such as health, benefiting the whole of the country.EthiopiaEthiopia (an LEDC in Africa) has a GNP of US$ 5722 million, this figure is cut down than that for Cuba but higher than that for the Gambia (another LEDC in Africa) and a GNP per capita of US$ coulomb million when split between the 58.5 million inhabitants. The Gross National merchandise has been split 1.1% on health, 6.4% on education and 2.1% on their military.Ethiopians take in approximately 1610 calories per day, this sh ows that many people in Ethiopia suffer from malnutrition. There are 32499 people per doctor, which is very high compared to Cuba, which only has 275 people per doctor this is peradventure because not much of the GNP is spent on health care.In 1984 Ethiopia was badly affected by drought and famine, this had started 2 years rather and caused hundreds of thousands of people to die from starvation. It also caused the crops for those years to fail and so there was nothing to sell causing GNP to fall dramatically.In the new-made 80s Ethiopia was involved in a civil war that consumed more than 60% of Ethiopias national budget and agriculture was still slumping.United StatesWith a GNP of US$ 7100007 million, the United States of America has the largest GNP of all countries (22187 that of The Gambias) but when split between its 268 million nationals its GNP per capita equates to US$ 26980 million, this is lower than that of Germany, Denmark, Sweden and Japan. This GNP is then split down into 14.3% on health services, 5.5% on education and 3.8% on its military forces.The US has a HDI rating of 0.942 and the American people consume 3732 calories per day, which is the most after Ireland and Cyprus. Americans have 421 people per doctor, which is double the number of people per doctor in Austria.A high GNP could be as a issuing of American Transnational companies which spread around the world in the post Second World War period. In 1991, 15% of the US population lived below the poverty line. Those most affected were those citizens from African and Latin American origins.In January 1994, the US joined with Mexico and Canada to form The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which reduced trade with Europe as Americans found it cheaper to buy and sell to Canada and Mexico.Tourism is the biggest industry in the US but after the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001, visitor meter fell dramatically, having a significant effect on the American parsimony as people were scared to travel in case of reprisals. more recently, visitor numbers have fallen as a result of the conflict in Iraq as people feared more terrorist attacks to revenge the infringement of Iraq.

Media and public sphere

The mesh is a place where battalion gather information, discuss issues of common concern, and coordinate political activities. At the same time, the network is a part of a larger communicative environment, which is committed to other parts of the public sphere as surface as other parts of the uk/todd-gitlin-summary-on-media/media industry. In other words, the net income is a complex, flat space, where a lot of divers(prenominal) things be happening. Given this fact, what are the criteria we would occupy in order to decide whether the Internet is commodity or dreadful for democracy (and the public sphere)? Based on those criteria, what is your verdict for the Internet good for democracy or bad for democracy?Internet is a major source of the information overflow in the confederation today. It is undeniable that it is d peerless this particular advancement in the technology of conversation and communication that the different areas around the globe are becoming easily con nected with the military personnel Wide Web. The said nature of opened communication that society is specially involves with in return naturally makes it easier for simply anybody to share their idealisms astir(predicate) several social issues by dint of the internet. These issues include political as well as social issue-establish topics that naturally raise questions in the society today.Having the efficiency to express one(a)s views on original issues and have the chance to be hear by others around the man who are naturally interested in the same issues is such a huge privilege for muckle of the present generation. It is undeniable though that with this particular freedom of expression, many among the population of the piece beings society today recognize that speech could be ab affaird as long as it tells the truth. However, the measure of truth is differently presented depending on the views of the people involved in the issue.Usually, the truth is measured by indi viduals through citeing how the stance that they are into in reality relates to them. In this regard, the basis of the freedom that people oddly enjoy in using the different assets brought to them by the internet developments could be noned to have an impact on the social behavior of the total human society with regards freedom and democracy. The demarcation line of what should be considered as limits of the process may not be that easy to identify any more than than.This is particularly the reason why so many fraudulent informations are make full the territories of the Internet today. It is indeed undeniable though that although these informations are known to be fraudulent, at that place are those who cannot differentiate the substance of the issues presented through blogging and weave vizors on whether they are truly true or simply a misconception or domineering views of several individuals wanting to affect the others with their idealisms in life or on certain topic s of interest as they are.Considering Jay Rosens comment on the issue, it could be observed that he pointed step to the fore an important fact in his article. He noted that democracy through internet measures may not be called democratic freedom as it is. At times, the situation goes out of hand and freedom go bads an unnerving result of abuse of speech.Given your question topic, how are the discussions/ conversations/ commentaries different in the Internet than they are in just about other media format? What kind of data would you need to determine whether these Internet conversations are connected to the public sphere in a path that improves (or damages) democracy?Internet issue presentations are usually opinionated quite than establish on factual evidences. This is because of the fact that there are legion(predicate) writers, both amateur and professional who are able to present their ides through the net. Most often than not, it is the ability of the people to concentrate on actually showing the people what position they particularly take in certain issues concerning the society that drives their motives of writing. Obviously, this process of presenting values of the events is a biased procedure of sweet with the different causes of the emerging issues on the cast up of fraudulent information in the internet.In terms of being authenticated, it is naturally obvious that internet based informations may not be easily noted to be honest at all. This is because of the fact that the sources are not merely that easy to identify to say that they are indeed of high reputation to gain the confidence of the reading public. Most of the time though, readers of the net have a enceinte time recognizing this particular fact in the systems of internet information sharing. Hence, they drop dead for the snare of believing even fraudulently presented issues through the assistance of the Internets worldwide connection.To identify the validity of the informations, it is important for one to become balanced in viewing the bulk of informations shared through the Internet especially of the issues are based upon political topics. The idea herein is to actually assist the readers of the net in segregating the informations that they particularly meet with through the World Wide Web. How could this be done?Conscientiously integrating the presentations on the web with that of the other media systems considering the topic could be a great help. It real makes it easier for one to have a better overview of an issue if the system is much more likely based on two different points of view. Balancing the informations standard would then be more efficient as the issues are to be measured as to how they were particularly shown through the different mediums of media presentation.Kerbel and Blooms study particularly points out that the increase of blogs and other internet based information posting never stops annually. The reason behind this increase perhaps is the fact that the people involved in these information posting also gain the confidence in presenting more and more opinionated informations which they would like to other internet surfers around the world.Words are powerful. With the use of information exchange, there had been numerous changes happening in the world. The idea is that the more words become influential, the greater strength it begins to acquire upon the ability of the human mind to segregate the information that it receives. Most of the time, the said informations are all factual or not. However it may seem, it should occur that the factuality of the informations should unendingly be checked for the validity of the informations presented on the part of the readers.In the entropy question, based on research topic, after 9/11 world wide uprising tension So now how media represents religion on the public sphere? are they use people sentiment?Because of the incumbent events occurring around the world, like that of the situation that happened in 9/11, gaining the sentiments of the people to be able to come up with measurable strategies of fighting the supposed revile deeds of those who initiated the bombings has been the main idealism of the different blogs from both the the Statesn judicature and other social institutions during those specific times of turmoil.Constantly seeing the exposure of the society to the situation has actually been the key reason why the opportunists truism the time as a basis of the basic approach that they are going to use to get the attention of the readers so as to swing them in agreeing to the fight against the terror movements of the other side of the supposed struggle.ConclusionFrom this particular discussion, it could be observed that Internet has been considered as first-rate highway of information during the 21st century. Overall, the evaluation of the informations presented through this particular highroad of informative issues shows that it has na turally given way to the major stratifying procedures of feeling the perceive of freedom of speech even among ordinary people surfing the net. some(prenominal) articles from professional writers attest to this particular fact as they are apprised that there are those who simply would like to write while there are those who right for a reason. This is why it is very important for one to be aware and enthusiastic about what he reads from the net.ReferencesCass R. Sunstein. (2007). Is the Internet really a blessing for democracy?. http//bostonreview.net/BR26.3/sunstein.html. (October 22, 2007)Jay Rosen. (2007). In Democratic Time. http//bostonreview.net/BR26.3/rosen.html. (October 22, 2007).Matthew R. Kerbel and Joel David Bloom. (2007). Blog for America and Civic Involvement. The Harvard International Journal of Press and Politics.