Computer Hacking is Ethical

Austin Areas English Ill Honors Mrs.. Mills 14 December 2012 estimator Hacking is Ethical Computer hacking is a term that well-nigh both sensation in todays society is familiar with. When the average person hears news slightly reck starr hacking, or so likely they think ab turn up cyber-crimes, website defacements, or knocking versatile websites offline. This wide of the mark description is retributive the image that todays media creates. In reality, true cabs atomic number 18 oft different. Computer hacking is not the entirely quality of hacking in todays society.Hacking actually originated from p prowessaking, which is the art of racking a telephone network (A Brief accounting of Computer Hacking). Hacking is seen as being blackball, or wrong, when hacking can in addition be beneficial to the world. There be different types of data processor hackers Hastiest, ones who hack to pre move a political opinion, Hobbyist hackers, those who hack for enjoyment, and Resea rch hackers, those who hack to see about security system and fix vulnerabilities (License to hack? Ethical hacking). As stired before, the branch estimator hackers were not people who were hacking to earn virtually quick cash. In 1878, two courses after the telephone was invented y Alexander whole wheat flour Bell, a group of teenagers who worked to maintain the New York switchboard were fired because they were implicated in seeing how the phone connections were made and how the calls were distributed to specific locations. Their actions were essentially the alike of beforehand(predicate) computer hackers.These boys were trying to kick the bucket into the telephone system to hear and see how the switchboard worked (Timeline A 40-Year business relationship of Hacking). Computers were not alship canal in the easy to use, graphical interface they ar today. Along the clock stream of the ass, central processing unit computers were very popular. intimately universities a nd companies would excite rooms dedicated to containing these mainframe computers, which were essentially a large chunk of metal locked away in a harbor take environment. Due to the prices and exclusivity, users had to fight for time to obtain access to these slow- abject machines.Since these mainframe computers were so expensive and resource intensive, meaning they bringd time, knowledge, electricity, and money, computer programmers went out on a ledge to require and create ways to zip up up processes and modify hardw atomic number 18 to increase per inventance speed (Computer hacking Where did it begin and how did it grow? ). In return, the machine would be qualified to complete more tasks and operations in a shorter time period. Hiring a hacker to modify ones machine in the ass and ass would decidedly increase business functionality (Parks).The term Hacker did not earn the rendering it has in todays world until the sass. Users disc all all overed that they could apply t heir knowledge of the inner kit and caboodle of a computer for their own obtain. This was the time period when viruses, mallard, and other smutty cyber sp crude oilions were created to earn their coder or hacker money (Timeline A 40-Year History of Hacking). In the early sass, a man named John Draper discovered that he could recreate the pitch a telephone used by use a whistle obtained from a box of cereal.By victimization this whistle, Draper could recreate the 2600-hertz sound recording tone and score some free long-distance calls. Drapers actions were one of the runner illicit actions act by a hacker, which earned him the nickname tribal chief Crunch. later on in the sass, devices called Blue Boxes were invented by a computer night club in California. These boxes were used to supporter change a tone to catch the tone created by a telephone, indeed making telephone meddling easier to use. These boys went by the names of Steve Jobs and Steve Woozier, the creators of Apple Inc. Timeline A 40-Year History of Hacking). Attention towards partaking was created during this decade, resulting in a a few(prenominal) computer and telephone hacking magazines being created. These magazines would benefit those who precious to catch partakers and computer hackers, by teaching them techniques, and grownup access to those who had already accomplished these illegal acts (Timeline A 40-Year History of Hacking). Another effect from the abundant amounts of attention towards hackers was a new law being passed, called The ComprehensiveCrime Control Act, giving the Secret Service Jurisdiction over cases including credit card and computer fraud (INCURS Abstract). later on in 1987, a seventeen-year-old hacks into ATs computer network, which led to his arrest. This boy was caught because he did compulsion most teenage boys do, he bragged on an online bulletin board about it. Federal authority says he committed the hacking from his bedroom, and was one step away f rom breaching into AT&Ts switching system, the system that controlled most of the nations communication access fine (Timeline A 40-Year History of Hacking).In the year 1988 the low self-replicating virus was created by a twenty-two year old graduate named Robert Morris from Cornell University that was designed to take advantage of an exploit in UNIX-based systems. The Morris-worm, named after the creator, give nearly one tenth of machines connected to the profit. Morris was arrested for releasing the virus and was sentenced to threesome years of probation, 400 hours of community service, and a $10,000 fine (Zen and the dodge of the Internet).No other major hacks occurred until the mid to late ass, when two hackers cognise as Data Stream hacked into computers and systems owned by institutions such as NASA and Korean Atomic Research Institute. One of the two was caught by detectives form Scotland Yard and was discovered to be sixteen years old (The typeface Study Rome Laborator y, Griffins Air Force Base, and NY Intrusion). The year after, Vladimir Levin allegedly used his laptop to transfer funds from Citibanks computer network to various accounts across the world. Eventually Levin was extradited to the US, sentenced to three years in prison, and ordered to cave in Citibank $240,000.The exact amount of money stolen is unknown, but is estimated to be well-nigh $3. -$10 million, not all of which has been recovered (How To Hack A vernacular). Later that year legendary computer hacker Kevin nitpick was arrested in Raleigh, trades union Carolina, and accused of breaking security violations, such as copying computer softw ar, breaking into various networks and stealing selective information, including restricting to 20,000 credit cards. He fagged four years in Jail without trial and was released in early 2000. Nitpick was accused of crimes dating back to the mid-sass (Timeline A 40-year history of hacking).After the year 2000, m all to most cyber- attacks or hacks have been caused by mallard users inadvertently downloading them onto their PC. Most newly created enamelware bypasses anti-virus scans, which means no one is ever one hundred percent safe on the internet. The graph below displays the type of virus or mallard threats received on various US computers (Microsoft Security Intelligence Report). Every computer hacker is supply by a motive or several motives. Usually vixenish hackers are motivated from self-gain, either money or fame.Malicious programmers create mallard programs to do their bidding such software can log every key one presses, steal sensitive data such as passwords for personal and banking websites, r add ones computer to a ring of give computers that can be used to Dos websites (Ethics in reckon). A Dos attack is when packets of data are sent to a Webster that eventually overload the server with data to the point where the server crashes, thus knocking the website offline. More recently, Anonymous has take n credit for Dosing major banking websites offline (Bank of America Hit By Anonymous Dos Attack).There are many an(prenominal) different types of Dos attacks the most common is a JODI Flood, which sends a JODI packet to random ports on a server. When a packet is sent to a port where there is no application listening on that port, the server replies with a Destination out of reach(predicate) packet, so the server has to suffice to every single JODI Packet with an Unreach fit the part that crashes the server is when the Unreachable Packet is sent (UDP Flood Attack). Hackers sometimes result trade in their bootee, which is the term that describes a ring of infected computers.When a hacker sells or rents his bootee, the infected PCs are transferred over to the buyer for their use, which is usually for more illegal Dos attacks. There is extremely easy money when it comes to selling information attained from hacking, whether it is selling hacked website accounts for popular websites like Youth or websites that require a monthly subscription. Most of the transactions are made online and are close to untraceable. Finding a competent hacker on the internet is the equivalent of going to Iraq and looking for AY Quad.Hackers know how to hide, where to hide, and how to stay safe (Hackers exchange Cheap BOOTEES and DOS on Forums). Even though hackers know how to hide, that does not mean they cannot get caught. Hacker Jon Paul Soon illegally hacked into his preceding(prenominal) employers network with malicious intent. This network was a medical network that contained wellness records, names, addresses, and provided services to seventeen different clinics in San Diego. Soon was punished with quintet years in prison and a combined fine of over four hundred thousand dollars, along with a ban from using a computer (Hackers Crimes and punishments).Teenage hackers usually get off easier, with punishments like time in a Juvenile center, a ban from computers, community serv ice, or very light prison sentences depending on age. FBI informant Max pantryman was a hacker who was charged in 2001 with possession of stolen passwords, computer intrusion, and long dozen other counts. He risked going to prison for forty years because he decided to stop helping the FBI catch other hackers. These are Just a few cases of the risks hackers take for the thrill or self-gain from hacking (5 Of the Worlds Most Famous Hackers & What Happened to Them).With such strong consequences, one might wonder wherefore an individual would want to become a computer hacker. Internet users become hackers because they know how to work the system they know how to yaps the law and do close to anything they want (The Hacker Work Ethic). Hackers are purely cyber thieves who force innocent users using their superior knowledge of how computers and the internet work. There are indeed an abundance of hackers who have malicious intent, but there are those who hack for a higher purpose (Rober ts).Identifying what type of hacker one is dealing with is extremely easy all one must do is look at the end product and ask a few questions. Is this hacker trying to steal information? Is the hacker trying to infect systems? If so, then that hacker is malicious. Other hackers hack for the learning experience. They want to learn more about computers and how systems change when modifying specifications. Hacker Sarah Flannels describes the work she put into her encoding algorithm as, l had a great feeling of excitement Worked continuously for whole days on end, and it was exhilarating.There were times when I never treasured to stop. Pursuing knowledge has been the fuel for many computer users since the first computers were created in the sass. These people live by the idea that the best way to learn is to take a hands on approach (Types of computer hackers). unlike to black hat hackers, a type of hacker exists known as the white hat hacker. uninfected hat hackers are the people who help infected users on the web. Many black hat hackers such as Kevin Nitpick, Kevin Paulsen, and Mark Been have turned white hat after armed service time in prison or on probation (12 White Hat hackers you should know).Not only to white hat hackers try to reverse the do of black hats, but they in any case hack websites. Many businesses hire shrewdness testers, A. K. A. White hat hackers to try to penetrate the businesses servers or databases to test how saved the businesses websites are. Penetration testers, commonly referred to as Pen Testers, report back any exploits they have covered while hacking their employers website or database, and then they patch the exploit, thus making a safer internet.Companies believe that if a white hat hacker can penetrate their security, then so can a sozzled black hat hacker (tithe hat hackers in demand). An deterrent example of a famous white hat hacker is computer psychoanalyst and expert Touts Samurai, who police used to track down an d apprehend Kevin Nitpick in 1995 after Nitpick had evaded the FBI for years, and caused well over $100,000 in victimize to systems belonging to Motorola, Monika, Sun Microsystems, and NECK (The trials of Kevin MitoticThis is Just one example of a hacker being caught by another hacker. Police computer security analysts and hackers to look decipher cyber evidence that is related to crimes under investigation, along with cyber-forensics to break down crimes and solve them quickly (The Kevin Nitpick/ Touts Samurai affair). Hollywood has also tried to portray computer hacking in movies such as Hackers, from 1995, and fight Games from 1983.The movie Hackers is about two computer hackers named Crash Override and loony toons Burn, who seemingly fight each other with silly fonts and awful homepage graphics. Later on in the movie, he US Secret Service is gnarled when another associate of Overrides hacks into a schools mainframe and downloads a garbage rouse. This file actually contained a computer virus that could apparently capsize the companys oil tanker fleet. After a few other friends are arrested, everyone is clear-cut of their charges and the movie ends happily.In reality, all of these hackers would have been in prison, and would not had their charges dropped, not to mention the fact that a company had the code to a computer virus that could control their entire oil tanker fleet on a garbage file in their easily hackle mainframe (Hackers). authorized hackers later defaced the movie Hackers website to express how they felt about the silliness in this movie (Hacked Movie Site). Nothing really big happened, only some text was changed and a few pictures were defaced with satirical pictures drawn over them.The website still has the hacked version of their website mirrored, meaning it is still accessible to the web. Included in the text of the defaced website were lines describing how Hollywood misunderstands technology and will never be able to comprehend the h ard work and time needed to perform some of the acts that hackers accomplish. No en can tap a few keys on a keyboard and hack into a companys mainframe, website, or database.Hackers included a photograph where someone managed to access a supercomputer with Just the password GOD and has the UNIX operating(a) system replaced with some other three dimensional interface does not represent the real world in any manner ( fortune Hackers). The movie Live Free or Die Hard also butchers computer hacking in the sense that the computer hacks in it are so bang-up at hacking that they can control entire cities, including quotes like Okay, I want you to hack into that traffic light and make it red.Almost all of the flimsy feats provided by Hollywood in movies is practically impossible, or would require months of inquiry to perform. Many hackers believe that Hollywood will never portray true hackers correctly (Hollywood Hacking Television Tropes & Idioms). Computer fanatics are compelled by the arcanum of the machine. When Mr.. Hake, the Computer Applications teacher from Erwin High was asked why he was so mesmerized by computers when he first had access to them, he replied with, They were new and fire no one really knew where we were going to go with amputees, but everyone seemed to want to use them. Mr..Hake described that people were compelled to study computers due to their mysteriousness and interesting possibilities (Hake). faulting from being a computer fanatic to being a computer hacker can happen really quickly when one whitethorn see how easy earning, or stealing money actually is on the internet. Or maybe the thrill of breaking past security will push the moderately to advanced computer user to turn to the fatal side of computer hacking. Malicious hackers will always have a hard time as long as the be is all-embracing of white hat hackers to make their Job, or hobby more grueling (Meaning of Hacking and the Different Kinds of Hackers).In conclusion, not every person who knows their way around a computers boundaries is unethical. While there are many intelligent and malefic hackers loose on the web, it is still a safe place. Todays media does not accurately portray hackers or the hackers philosophy, and neither do cut-rate Hollywood movies. Media websites control how civilians see cyber criminals, due to that factor, most innocents see hackers has people who are out to no good. The white knights of the internet are never given the delay they deserve, because of them we are as safe as we are now.White hat hackers have patched countless exploits caused by bad-natured hackers. Governments can Jail as many hackers as they want, but they can never Jail a philosophy. Hackers will always exist they will always be out to gain something out of their exploits. Society needs to understand that hackers also hack to counter collateral damage, or to catch the worst of the worst hackers. There are good hackers and bad hackers, Just as there are good people and bad people not all hackers are unethical.