Leadership and Organizational Behavior Assignment

Leadership and Organizational Behavior - Assignment ExampleAs such, national cranch policies are often translated in collective policies that regulate human capital with sensitivity to these personal and overlord goals of each worker. Business managers must make it as a corporate policy to uphold multifariousness to recognize the different capacities, competences and skills of these employees. Through that, management can systematize mental process to attune these all to corporate goals and objectives. If all workers are nurtured by management to be goal-oriented and to be proficient in their tasks, albeit personal and motivational differences, it is perceived that the corporation would likely earn utmost achievement level (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2010). This is possible if the play along was fitting to harness the participation of the employees in decision-making and in sharing them incentives as reward for great performance. Its as well helpful for the company if its sensitiv e to business ethics. This calls for management leadership that can help provide perpetration to workers on what is relevant regulate to boost their efforts and motivation offering reward to the nature of persistence illustrated by employees and ability to formulate strategic business plans that is contributory to the goals of the company. AllState Insurance Company, for instance, demonstrated their competence to understand and maximise diversity as how they made it as a policy to maximize it for corporate competitiveness (p. 215). This system is helpful for organizational internal development and for external relations with its divers(a) customers. AllState Company with 36,000 employees, have undertaken the interest steps to cultivate competitive advantage using diversity a. Succession Programming the company accommodated employees with diverse motivation for professional development and enthusiasm for opportunities. As such, they employed women employees and those which came from other nations, including those who came from ethic communities but with high educational attainment. b. DevelopmentAll employees of AllState underwent career development training o improve their skills and competence. They can select for more education or by dint of mentoring, coaching or training (p. 215). c. Measurement- The company also administer Diversity Index assessment which contain quarterly Leadership Measurement System (QLMS) to ascertain their attribute service to their diverse customers to determine their ethical behaviors at work albeit diverse personalities and about how they gravitate in the workplace with mutual trust among co-employees and managers (p. 216) d. Accountability and RewardAllState used the Diversity Index as whiz of the bases to determine compensation to encourage employees to maintain commitment and their responsibilities to contribute to corporate goals (p. 216). It also affords benefits to proficient workers and incentives through free se rvices (p. 216). 2. Discuss how organizational policies and procedures can impact organizational ethics. Organizational policies and procedures are inhering in the upholding and promotion of organizational ethics of a corporation. Policies are internal regulations made by the company in consonance to corporate codes and labor laws that are imperative in strategically directing the goals and performance

Technology Forecast Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Technology Forecast - Research Paper ExampleIt is for this reason that bright phone devices are ever power stingy. A Neuromorphic chip refers to minute microprocessors which are configured to twin the puddle of the human brain. The neuromorphic chips replicate the functioning of the biological neurons that are found in the human brain. The chips endure an insight on how the brain of a rational human being processes information.If the technology is actualized, it would lead to the ontogeny of electronic systems that are extremely fast, utilize minimal power and can easily make sand of sensory input and undertake to deliver in real time the tasks that are user specify (Rothenbuhler, 2013). More significantly, devices that are based on the neuromorphic chip will accommodate the ability to interact with the creative activity in exactly the same manner a human being would. Robotic medical devices will be in a position to track a patients response to medication over a certain tim e period and learn to review the dosage limit and catch new(prenominal) problems just like a doctor would. Just by wearing a smartphone gear, it may work with the brain to establish who one is thinking about and in that instance place a see to that particular person. Alarms in the schedule might go off in the expected time charge though such alarms were not preset. .Toby Delbruck and Shih-Chii Liu (2012) observe that conventional technology has always been far outpaced by biological efficiency and it is for this reason that neuromorphic engineering designers have set out to develop electronic systems which have a similar computational style with the human biological system. The authors observe that neuromoprhic engineers are already make notable milestones characterized by the ever increasing number of sensory applications and sensors that have the capacity to communicate finished signals that resemble the neural spikes in a human brain. Other pointer towards the expected break through and tumescent scale deployment of the neuromorphic chips

Why I want to be an electrical engineer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

wherefore I penury to be an electrical engineer - Essay ExampleEver since my childhood, I have only prize a particular knowledge base, engine room. My aspiration for this field is driven by the passion of being like near identified engineers in my society who are perceived to be doing well in life. This has accorded them all the respectfulness they deserve. Similarly, performing well in the core subjects for electrical engineering course has been my driving force into the discipline.Why I want to be an electrical engineerElectrical engineering is a branch of engineering science that involves designing of devices, and connection and maintenance of actual flows to ensure that the machines run properly. It is a broad field that also involves proper aim of mathematical and physics techniques as well as the study of received flows. The field is divided into two main areas of study that an individual can specialize in, the heavy current part that involves the study of devices suc h as transformers and the light current which involves the study of current flows by the use of computers. Electrical engineering profession therefore allows one to choose a line of specialization because it has a variety of sub branches. Though it can majorly be subdivided into two branches, heavy current and the light current, it has a wider micro scope that includes communication and signal processing, power electronics, electromagnetic and digital systems among others (Ipfw, p. 1).

Industry Information on park users perceptions and attitudes towards Research Paper

Industry Information on park users perceptions and attitudes towards public exercise settings - Research Paper ExampleAccording to Mowen, Kaczynski and Cohen (2008), position preserve the bodily environment to be utilized for the enjoyment of people. The contribution of parks in the promotion of tangible action mechanism has been acknowledged for many decades Fredrick Law Olmsted, the father of parks in North America, noted in the mid-1800s that parks promote ruddy and active lifestyles. Since the mid-1800s to date, parks have been perceived as environments that preserve and promote predilection of nature and as settings that provide opportunities for people to engage in positive recreational activities or unoccupied time physical exercises. Parks are a common feature in most communities on the whole over the world but park access, condition as well as utilization of these physical environments vary significantly across communities or population segments. Parks are also perce ived as places where individuals can simply visit to relax both their minds and their bodies, and to escape the nuances of their busy daily routines at the workplaces. present-day(a) insightsAccording to Bedimo-Rung, Mowen, and Cohen (2005), park activity has the capacity to meet physical activity requirements but certain environmental and insurance features to enhance the level of physical activity. Physical activity has been taunted as an effective remedy to curbing morbidness and mortality rates since it decreases the risk of heart diseases, diabetes, and high blood pressure, among other lifestyle ailments while enhancing healthy bones, muscles, and joints.

Don't Ask Don't Tell Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Dont Ask Dont Tell - Research Paper ExampleThis helps in tackling with its limitations and at the same time enhancing its advantages. Therefore, in the below sections, the various phases through which a public constitution passes argon looked at, thereby analyzing the involvement of various stakeholders and the effects of the polity on each. This will help found the effectiveness of this approach in relation to this case. The Dont ask, Dont tell (DADT) policy of the US multitude is studied (Harrop 1). The policy The Dont ask, dont tell policy came into effect in 1993 when President Clinton signed it into legislation. The important clause of the law states that the presence in the armed forces of persons who demonstrate a propensity or disembodied spirit to engage in homosexual acts would create an unacceptable risk to the high standards of morale, good order and discipline, and unit of measurement cohesion which are the essence of military capability. While this constitutes t he dont tell clause of the act, the dont ask clause is non really a clause, rather an indication to commanders in the military that they must not initiate investigating into the sexual orientation of other personnel. However, there is an exception clause to this which states that if the Secretary of Defense deems that such inquiries are required for the implementation of the policy or if the person being investigated is done so as a result of his behavior, then such investigations can continue. Therefore, the policy heavily weighs in favor of cornering people from the LGBT federation by restricting their powers of freedom and enquiry. However, the policy as it was introduced was a compromise between the President Clintons election promise to lift the ban on homosexuals and the position of the military which maintained that homosexuality is incompatible with military service and that personnel who declare themselves to be homosexual must be discharged from military traffic (Fede r 1). Agenda Building The subject of homosexuality has long been a subject of contention in the US military. However, there has not been much debate until the latter half of the 20th century. A majority of the cases were dealt victimization the legislations Articles of War (AW) and the Uniform Code of Military Justice. Both the laws did not tolerate homosexuality. In fact, sodomy was criminalized use through the AW. Homosexuality was seen as a psychological problem and hence people with the condition were seen as sick. skilful psychologists and psychiatrists were used to build public opinion. The policy continued through the Second World War until the age of Ronald Regan during whose tenure the defense directive was issued stating that homosexuality is incompatible with military service (History of dont ask, dont tell 2). However, this signified a change in the rationality of the policy. This was facilitated by a number of cases in federal courts which ruled against the policy im plementation. For example, the Watkins v. United States Army case in which Sergeant Perry J. Watkins sued the Army after he had been discharged. Watkins case revealed that he had declared his orientation early on in his career and that he had made no get to hide it. Subsequently, after a number of years of court proceedings, the court found that the reasoning female genital organ the provisions of the law was unsatisfactory. These developments forced the Army to

Social Site Keeping In Touch By Net Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

cordial Site Keeping In Touch By realize - Essay ExampleOthers depend on the type of content posted and revolve around copyright, bright property or confidentiality issues.. It is the matter of fact that, for any normal human being 7% of the converse is based on words and rests 93% is associated with nonverbal body language, Sometimes chat or communication through Facebook or any other non-visual chatting sites can create a false impression near how unitary is doing away from home. Tardanico in her report has mentioned that its only when we can hear a tone of role or look into someones eyes that were able to know when Im fine doesnt mean theyre fine at all, or when Im in doesnt mean theyre brought in at all. This is where the internet or social websites get dicey. With the encourage of technology, any one can hide is true emotion behind the words, through Facebook, e-mail or Twitter one can easily create an illusion of their choice. There are various positives which one can take away with the development of social technology. The word distance is now almost inappropriate as anyone can pass along whenever he or she wants with their family, friends and loved ones with just a few clicks. Social sites help the mankind immensely to communicate their feeling in front of the world where they can communicate and exchange their views with people across the globe. Tardanico in her review has mentioned that Social technologies have broken the barriers of space and time, alter us to interact 24/7 with more people than ever before.

Abuse of power by political leaders in africa Essay

Abuse of power by political leaders in africa - Essay ExampleIn a military coup, he removed the president from power and took over the rule of the country. He abuse the power and used it solely to his advantage (McDonnell, 2007). His rule witnessed horrendous brutality in which more than dickens hundred thousand people were killed just because they opposed his political leadership. The moreover motive behind these killings was to protract his rule and the only way to do this was to kill anyone who would raise any voice against him. Not only the common people but judges, lawyers, people from the press, students or anyone who tried to question his power were killed (Melady & Melady, 1977). Only Uganda has non been such a state where political leadership has abused the power. The uprisings and increasing state violence in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya indicate that the people are not happy with their rulers (Herbst, 2000). The common citizen is denied justice, women are not given their single rights and freedom of expression is not appreciated by these rulers. During the recent uprising in Egypt, even the profit was banned for five days making the citizens devoid of any means of communication (Moe, 2011). Citizens cannot engage in productive work if they are denied such basic rights. A common man spends more quantify worrying about the security of his home and family than on his work. The nationals of these countries try to flee from their own homelands. As a result, the society and the economy both suffer simultaneously.

Effective Mentoring and Coaching Reflection Essay

Effective Mentoring and Coaching Reflection - Essay sheathIntegrity, honesty, and ethics are important in any coaching and instructing process. Upholding these virtues help to create confidence, and trust in the midst of the mentors and the mentee and this promotes mutual relationships that allow the process to be successful. It allows the mentors to express their weakness as well as strengths without any coercion and this enables the mentoring process to fair on well. Many of the participants further expressed the need for the mentor to be of high integrity to help boost on the mentorship relationship. Many of the teachers indicated that passion was very crucial in the process of mentorship. Passion enables mentors to be committed in the entire process of mentoring and therefore, inculcates the same virtue to the mentee that volition often associate this with the already developed qualities. However, a group of teachers was the idea that passion should be meagrely expressed wh ile other seemed to think that it was imperative that the passion is totally expressed. To ensure effective mentoring, the passions of the mentors or coaches is salient and therefore, it is important that this is illustrated in the mentoring process in order to trigger positive change in behavior and stimulate or ensure full engagement and improvement in achievement.There was a inappropriate depression on the question on whether the mentor or coach is supposed to learn from the mentoring process. miscellaneous reactions were elicited with one teacher who held to the opinion that, a mentor.... Mixed reactions were elicited with one teacher who held to the opinion that, a mentor or a coach should learn from outside sources before mentoring others. This is a counselling to ensure that the learners are confident in the process. The mentor should also be well informed on what to mentor to ensure that the process is successful. The mentee expects the mentor to teach new things and the refore, the mentor needs to be informed with facts. On the other hand, other teachers were of the contrary opinion and argued that, the open process of mentoring was the best approach because it allowed the mentor to learn from the process. This is because, there are different circumstances and situations and therefore, such situations help the mentor to gain to a greater extent skills and knowledge. Furthermore, they contend that, research materials on mentorship was only a guide that mentors use and therefore they are unsloped mere guidelines to direct the mentor on the best practices during mentorship. For development of appropriate mentorship skills, it is appropriate for understanding of the mentee and the purlieu in which the process of mentoring is taking place. Furthermore, the mentor should show commitment on any assigned place that many arise from the process. This facilitated acquisition of same characteristics in the mentored parties and promoted effectiveness of the mentoring and coaching process. A mentor is involve to focus on problem solving and empowering other people by assigning duties. They were of the opinion that rendering needs to be adopted to ensure that skills are transferred appropriately. However, to achieve this, understanding of both reformation and transformational processes is

Certificate of Need (CON) Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Certificate of Need (CON) - Case Study practice sessionThe CON is crucial in the clinical setting in that it evaluates the competing interests and boost economic value. Without the CON, it is evident that the wellness cargon environment would be a free market with open competition. Challenges would emerge when making decisions and expanding medical values. As an outside consultant, I seek to evaluate the diversity issues in this compositors case study and their sham in the clinical setting. The advantage of this thought is that it lays a strong ground to be open-minded when loose out the solutions on what should be done to enhance quality wish. However, the main challenge is that one does not have the power to make decisions that affects the fundamental law. With this, the chief administrator would be in a better position to oversee what is going on in the organization and implement decisions that enhance the organizations success. mixed bag Issues and their impact The case in consideration is the open heart surgery, which is a highly lootable service that profits Pennsylvania. From 1996-1997 to 2007-2009, Pennsylvania increased the follow of hospitals offering open heart surgery. Despite the progress made, the number of procedures made in the state decreased by 37%. The change attributed to less usage of clinical facilities, skilled surgical teams, and cardiothoracic surgeons. The issue was so severe that it contributed to the termination of three hospitals, which are Medical College of Pennsylvania, papal Hospital, and Graduate Hospital. The main question that emerges from this case is why so many an another(prenominal)(prenominal) open heart programs would be launched despite the face of declining market. Major Problems and Issue In my opinion, open heart programs would be launched because they bring profit to the organization. As previously mentioned, open heart surgery is a highly profitable service that supports many hospitals. Nevertheless, opening many heart programs in the face of declining market would lead to economic depression. Most hospitals whitethorn not be in a position to meet their financial goals and objectives. The machines used on these programs are costly. Thus, it is important to understand the market before launching or adding them. This would prevent economic problems that eventually whitethorn hinder the successful running of the organization (Jonas, & Kovner, 2011). Organizational Strengths and Weaknesses Although the new programs were justified to bring income, the truth of the case is that there was no market analysis put uped prior to launching the programs. The organization fails to recognize the negative effect that would emerge from launching open heart programs in the face of the declining market. As documented in the case study, the change of these programs resulted into less efficient utilization of clinical facilities and highly skilled surgical teams. In other words, it affected the e ntire work performance and productivity of the organization. Because of economic depression caused by programs launched, the Philadelphia experienced a number of changed such as the closure of three known hospitals. Alternatives and Resolution To rationalize the number of programs in an open and free market I would embrace the CON in effort to increase the entry of many hospitals to use the programs. The CON would help to improve quality in major health care services, and in turn this would boost the planning and resource development of the hospital. The services I would recommend this organization to embrace in the CON is preparing, revising, and reviewing rules and regulation for the analysis of medical services application. It is also important to conduct special studies and projects on the major k health issues with special improvement in the

Resistance to change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Resistance to change - Research Paper congresswoman). They usually consume three geological faults a week and many bears are pleased with such schedule, because they have much time to have a rest and devote to their families. Nurses have four free years after three head for the hillsing days and are able to get acquainted with all their patients and ensure about their problems. However, last time this schedule was widely discussed as there are a jam of doubts appeared around it (Reid, and Dawson, 2000). The question is if a person is biologically capable of working uninterruptedly during 12 hours and if this work can bring positive results (Are 12-hour displacement reactions safe?). The trouble is that 12 incidental hours of work make a person physically and emotionally exhausted (Reid, and Dawson, 2000). At the end of the working period a nurse inevitably becomes less attentive, slow and loses the ability to take fast decisions that is extremely important in breast feeding profession. More everyplace, some(a) nurses prefer not to waste time even for a break to have some meal. Many nurses consider this to be unnecessary. Now many scholars who study this issue call such counseling of life a way to disaster (Are 12-hour shifts safe?). According to Reid and Dawson, Notable reductions in neurobehavioural consummation during shift work and particularly night work have long been recognized. These reductions in performance are estimation to be the result of both the sleep disruption associated with shift work3and the circadian rhythm of performance (Reid, and Dawson, 2000). In order to maintain physical ability to work, nurses often drink coffee. The profession of a nurse is include in top ten professions, which consume coffee excessively (Are 12-hour shifts safe?). However, excessive coffee utilization can lead to very bad consequences such as increased excitability and dream abnormality. If to withdraw that nurses usually do not have much time to slee p, these abnormalities may result in much serious diseases. Thus, 12 hours shifts schedule is harmful not only for patients but for nurses itself (What are 12-hour shifts good for?). disrespect all these factors, many nurses become irritable, when they are told that it would be better to change their schedule from 12 hours shift to 8 hours shift (Are 12-hour shifts safe?). They like their 12 hours shifts schedule and want to have many consecutive free days to devote them to their families. I prefer 12-hour shifts because I am forced to be nimble about my sleep. Very early in my career, I worked 8-hour night shifts -- it was way too easy to reserve postponing my bedtime. Another nurse believes that 8-hour shifts are harder because you have stay up 5 nights a week kind of than just 3 nights. (cited in Stokowski, 2013). 8 hours shift five times a week seems unfit for nurses, thus many of them are against such change in their schedule (Are 12-hour shifts safe?). Those nurses who a re over 55 years old are not against the change in schedule. It is difficult for them to work for 12 consecutive hours because of their age (Reid, and Dawson, 2000). Thus they want to have fewer working hours a day. Reid and Dawson state The unite effect of 12 hour shifts and age may result in greater reductions in performance of older than younger workers. If this is the case then there may be serious implications for worker productivity and safety. Considering the increase in the number of older shift workers currently employed and the prediction that this will run to increase in the future,

Discuss and evaluate the various methods available for long term Essay

Discuss and evaluate the respective(a) methods available for long term enthronisation appraisal - Essay Example33).It is essential to conduct each investment proposal (semipermanent or short-term) appraisal in order to ensure funds invested would accrue level best gains in future. Since financial resources tend to be limited (in majority of the cases), a business flying, instead of choosing several(prenominal) proposals, must evaluate and select only the ones that are most appropriate for investing purposes (Sullivan and Steven, 2003). Therefore, it can be assumed that there would be certain techniques followed specifically for appraising proposals for investment. In this context, the paper will today examine various methods available for semipermanent investment appraisal (capital budgeting).Investment appraisal comprises of analysing a firms financial plans, its investments, as well as predicting the firms expenditure in a certain proposed project (Levy, 2002). Long-term inv estment appraisal in small firms often takes into account the fortuity of future growth, new enterprises, and a future move into a completely new arena (ibid). Factors for long-term investment appraisal are chosen keeping the requirements of company policymakers and stakeholders in mind, and focus on long-term and sustainable growth of the firm (as opposed to short-term profits). Various methods are used for long-term investment appraisal of a firm. These areNet present value (NPV) This appraisal method calculates the gold flows (deficit or excess), once the customary obligations are completed (Khan, 1993). All forms of long-term or short-term investment appraisals set at deriving a positive figure for the firms NPV. The process calculates the total cash flow of a firm (incoming and outgoing) at a certain specific time (t), at a discount rate (i) at that particular time, which translates to t-funds invested initially, making NPV inversely proportional to discount rates (Pike and Neale, 2008, p. 123-124). Therefore, NPVs are reduced with rise in discount values (i), while high interest rates

Hit or Misled Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hit or Misled - Essay ExampleThere be vague areas in the law and the essentials can vary widely, especially when marketing in other countries. To hike complicate the process, states may deport state laws that may restrict certain brand names. Petty points this go forth by noting that roughly half the U.S. states recognize the right of a celebrity to control their name and likeness when used in product promotion (47).The legal requirements for branding and promoting a product often repose in the ability of the consumer to discern fact from fiction. The example of Bermuda shorts is an instance where no reasonable consumer would hope they are actually from Bermuda (46). However, the term Idaho potato may have less legal foundation as consumers may reasonably assume they are from Idaho. Processes that have become more generically accepted into the market, much(prenominal) as Swiss cheese, may be allowed by the courts.Adding to the complicated process of using endorsements is th e legal requirement that any claims by a celebrity of expert must be factual. The expert must have the credentials to make the claim and the celebrity can only testify to their actual experience. This places the marketer in a position where they must carefully weigh what a court might consider truthful.

Entrepreneurship & Small Business Management Duerr's Jam Essay

Entrepreneurship & Small Business Management Duerrs kettle of fish - Essay ExampleThe best time to evaluate environmental conditions is prior to making a stead commitment. Many states offer company location incentives. One strategy is to establish enterprise zones in assemble to bring jobs to economically deprived areas. Sponsored by local city/country goernments, these zones lure businesses by go regulatory and tax relief. In exchange for position or expanding in these areas, eligible business firms go through total exemption from the property taxes normally assessed on a new plant and equipment for tether to fivesome years. Locating in an enterprise zone will not solve problems created by poor trouble or make up for an ill-conceived idea. However, enterprise zones can be used as accelerator to help, jump-start a small firm. Personal Preference of the Entrepreneur As a practical matter, many a(prenominal) entrepreneurs tend to discount customer accessibility, business env ironment conditions, and resource availability and consider only their private preference in locating a business. Often, their personal preference is their home community the possibility of locating elsewhere never enters their mind. Background Fred and Mary Duerr founded their jam- and marmalade- making business in Heywood, Lancashire, in 1881. Mary active the preserves in her kitchen and using her own family recipes, while Fred delivered the filled jars by handcart to the local Co-operative companionship and other shops. In 1884 carrefourion was moved into a factory building at Guide Bridge, northeastern Manchester but the business expanded so rapidly that in 1890 Fred commissioned a new assume jam and marmalade factory at Old Trafford. ... expanded so rapidly that in 1890 Fred commissioned a new model jam and marmalade factory at Old Trafford. The site there is still engaged by Duerrs, now under the direction of Fred and Marys great-grandsons and his two sons. Business De scriptionF Duerr & Sons was established in 1881. It deals in food conservatives which include products like jams including reduced mark jams conserves fruit spreads marmalades and reduced sugar marmalades peanut butter and fruit curds as well as condiments such as apple sauce. The cross out is most prominent within the marmalade sector, with close to 6% market share, and 3.2 million in sales. However, its share has declined from almost 9% in the year 2000 to 5.5% in 2004, representing a decline in sales of 42% over the four year period. This is at a much faster rate than the category as a whole of 6.5%. In April 2003, Duerrs introduced Half Sugar marmalade which contains half the sugar but 50% more fruit, which is fitted for diabetics and can be used as part of a calorie controlled diet. In December 2004, Duerrs launched a range of premium marmalades under the name Mary Berry, a well-known cookery writer. The range comprises three flavors orange & apricot, ruby red grapefruit, a nd thick cut marmalade with muscovado sugar. The company is attempting to attract new users with new product launches within the marmalade category. Within the jam sector, Duerrs accounts for just 1% of jam sales, less than 1 million in sales. The company is also represented within the peanut butter sector with the Kernel King dirt which accounts for just 1% of sales. It is the only other branded lemon curd within

Do you have to believe in Reason to believe in Democracy Essay

Do you choose to believe in Reason to believe in Democracy - Essay Example42). Therefore, an private is able to make logic, justify his or her actions and have individualal beliefs. This is based on the information that is existent. school of thought considers reason as rational (Swanson 35). Therefore, comprehension, intellect and thinking ar part of the reason. Arguably, reason leads to actions or habits that are a persons thinking. Consequently, one jackpot judge a situation just or unjust, good or bad (Copp et al. 48). In summary, reason and land are two different aspects plainly with a connection yet cannot be said to be tightly linked. Democracy has its connection to rights and immunity to do what one desires. However, immunity and rights come with responsibilities according to democracy (Swanson 55). Consequently, people in democratic nations have the freedom to speech, live, assemble and do other things in accordance with the highest rule of law. Additionally, dem ocracy is also a human right because it gives citizens the free will to carry on their mandates. Moreover, democracy also protects the basic rights of people. Therefore, democracy is a principle mandate that most governments try to uphold. In summary, democracy is all about the rights and freedom of people. A government that is democratic has power but is accountable to the public. However, this accountability raises concerns because the government should respond to the constituent of the citizens (Swanson 63). Consequently, forms of democracy that exist are handle and spokesperson democracy (Held 80). Direct democracy means citizens can actively and directly participate the making of decisions within the government. On the other hand, there is a representative democracy where a set body has sovereignty of power (Held 80). These forms are to help in the model of the people. Interestingly, this form of modern democracy is common today. In summary, democracy can be either direct or representative but still represents the will of the people. The sole principle in democracy is the candour and freedom of the people. This means that every citizen is equal before the law and the legislative process (Copp et al. 52). Therefore, every person is equal to the other. However, upward control, social norms and political equity are the fundamental principles (Copp et al. 54). As a result, the government reflects equality through these principles. Therefore, democracy throw overboards citizens to be fully part in the life of the society. Democracy a great deal characterizes the majority rule. As a result, the minorities within the government have the tyranny of the majority (Held 197). This is when the protection of a group or individual rights protection. On the other hand, democracy entails elections, which mainly are competitive. Additionally, democratic elections allow people their freedom of speech, political expression and press (Held 201). The citizens are elig ible since they serve the interest of the people. In summary, democracy in the modern world entails the majority rule and their tyranny as they enhance the freedom of the people. Reason is a substance that makes a judgment of a persons behavior. It helps in arguments since it creates the sense of logic (Manktelow 15). Therefore, attitudes, institutions and traditions play a role in the creation of reason. Moreover, reason is associates with freedom and determinism. According to scientists, the cognition enhances reason in the

Stakeholder Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stakeholder Analysis Paper - Essay ExampleA natural issue that requires stakeholder analysis is delays in polish off of purchases to their respective buyers. Inefficiencies leading to delays clearance and sending of consignments to their respective destinations constitute congestion in the warehouses as well as confusion and achievable misplacement of orders in the office. It is for this cerebrate that a stakeholder analysis is crucial. To start with, identification of the various groups involved and their involvement in the whole job is a crucial starting point. In this case, the dispatch manager, the warehouse administrator and his team up, and the cognisee are the three entities whose actions and in action are responsible for the problem. The client, regulatory agencies, and evaluate officials are other stakeholders whose actions have a sonorous impact in this case. All these stakeholders have varied interest in the cognitive operation, which determines the urgency with which they facilitate the process. The dispatch manger is responsible for clearing the purchases to enable the warehouse staff to process release of the goods to the cognisee. Failure or delays in executions of this important task will definitely lead to delays in dispatch. The warehouse administrator and his team have the duty of releasing the supplies in the quantities and manner listed in the dispatch order. In case of delays or improper communication from the dispatch team, confusion may set in and derail the stainless process. erst the goods have been packaged and ready for release from the warehouse, the consignee has a duty of picking them up at an concur time. If there are delays from the consignee, then the supplies will end up congesting the warehouse. The client on the other slip by may delay in clearing all the necessary paperwork and financial requirements before release of goods. The tax regimes and regulatory authorities may also have impositions on certain goods, which may delay the entire process. As a manger, each of these stakeholders is a target for review in order to ascertain the begin of delays. Could be laxity and incompetence on the part of the dispatch team, the warehouse or the consignee is responsible for this delays. outline limitations, low motivation of employees, lack of proper communication and bureaucratic process may be the pay off of all these delays. Finding all the issues that they deal with in processing the release of supplies is the first step in resolving the whole issue. On the other end, delays from the customer and regulating entities may be responsible for the problem. The last step after determination out the different pertinent issues that could be causing the problem is to manner into ways of fixing the problem. The most important aspect is to ensure support and cooperation of all stakeholders in finding a solution. Each of the stakeholders will require different approach in order open up a discussion on the issue. Blame games and authoritative enquiry will only kill the process and lead to no tangible information. The planning process will involve all stakeholders, who should contribute ideas and possible solutions to the challenges. At the end, the manager will record all the issues that create opportunities and obstacles for stakeholder involvement, and use the information to resolve the issue. In conclusion, stakeholder analysis is a very useful tool that enables managers and institutions identify and effectively resolve issues in their workplaces. by dint of this process, stakeholders are able to participate in

Political Science Paper Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Political Science Paper Proposal - Assignment ExampleThe events are attributed to the varying frugal policies pursued by the various political ideologies. The Republicans have been containing the inflation rate which can only be realized by allowing some level of unemployment in the economy as demonstrated by Philips curve. Frymer on his part considers the fiber of Black Americans in the national politics and how they are very critical in determining the outcome of each presidential election in the United States. His theory affirms the fact that the black interests, as well as voices, have been ignored in a number of instances by both the two political divides as they all majored on other groups that seemed to be more predictive in determining the outcome of an election process. The interests of the African-Americans have thus been left out in legislative policymaking and campaigns. His views start to b in contrast to that of Bartels who is of the opinion that one society promot es inequality while the other party promotes equality. Race plays a key role in the politics of America and this leads to inequality and marginalization base on the races. However, the two authors are in agreement that the government of the day plays a key role in determining the standards of living of various social classes and races. Further analysis of the works of these two scholars provide reveal inner facts on the political landscape in America and how it affects the entire nation and its inhabitants disregardless of their cultural beliefs, race, and socio-economic status.

A Brief History of the Hybrid Vehicle Essay Example for Free

A Brief History of the loan-blend Vehicle endeavorFirst built in the early 1900s by inventors tinkering with combinations of the galvanising motor and the gunmano bourne engine, crown of thorns vehicles were dropped when flatulency- provideed vehicles became to a greater extent reliable and easier to start, and accelerator pedal fuel to a greater extent readily available. Research and development of crossing vehicles was revived by concern ab emerge oil dependency in the1970s and about circulate pollution in the recent 1980s. A number of crossbreed vehicles conf affair been built and tested since 1980. Some of these vehicles have impressed analysts with their elevator rail political machinerying out and low levels of exhaust and petroleum consumption. Interest in hybrid vehicles jumped in late 1993 with the announcement of financing for two major collaborations. The US Department of Energy signed a five-year, $138 million development concordance with General Moto rs and a $122 million agreement with Ford to design and build preproduction hybrid prototypes that could be marketed in little than 10 years. 1 All these were done beca design hybrid electrical vehicles argon expected to be the m to come of vehicles worldwide. Definition One considers a vehicle to be a hybrid when it combines two or more sources of power.For example, a mo-ped (a motorized pedal bike) is a hybrid be dumbfound it combines the power of a gasoline engine with the pedal power of its rider. Similarly, the gasoline-electric hybrid motorcar is a combination of two an electric car and a gasoline- cater one. That is, it makes use of both electricity and gasoline to propose the naught to sport the single-foots of the car. foretell 1 shows a gas-powered car. 2 Components Of A Gasoline Powered Car The 4-cylinder engine converts gasoline into motion so that the car peck move. The easiest path it does this is to burn the gasoline inside the engine.Therefore is acts as an internal combustion engine i. e. combustion takes go forth internally. Gasoline powered car engines veritable(prenominal)ly have over 100 horsepower and operate at speeds up to 8000 RPM. The fuel tank come ins and supplies gasoline to the engine. It can typically store enough fuel to provide the engine with aptitude capable of moving the car through a distance of 300 miles or more. Figure 2 below shows an electric car, which has a set of batteries that provides electricity to an electric motor. The motor turns a transmission, and the transmission turns the wheels. 3Components Of An electric car Car The batteries store and provide brawn to the electric motor in an electric car just as the fuel tank does for the engine in a gasoline powered car. It usually gives the car a range of 50 100 miles which is a great deal slight than that typically provided by a fuel tank (300 miles). The electric motor is the device that provides motion in an electric car. It converts the energ y it receives from the batteries into motion which is used to turn a transmission which then in turn rotates the wheels. It is able to lurch up to 15000 RPM and has up to 100 kW of power.Since this motion is colligateed to the transmission, the transmission also spins the wheel up to this rate. Thus, electric cars would tend to move faster than gasoline powered cars. Components Common To Both The electric automobile Car And The Gasoline Powered Car The transmission is the device that does the actual turning of the wheel in both cars. There ar several ways of combining the two sources of power found in a hybrid car. The Parallel Hybrid Car This has a fuel tank which supplies gasoline to the engine. In addition, it has a set of batteries that supplies power to an electric motor.Both the engine and the engine motor can turn the transmission at the same time and the transmission then turns the wheels. Figure 3 shows a typical parallel hybrid. The fuel tank and gas engine connect to the transmission. The batteries and electric motor also connect to the transmission independently. As a result, in a parallel hybrid, both the electric motor and the gas engine can provide propulsion power. The Series Hybrid Car The gasoline engine in this car turns a seed and the generator can either charge the batteries or power an electric motor that drives the transmission.Thus the gasoline engine never directly powers the vehicle. All of the components form a line that eventually connects with the transmission. 4 Hybrid Components Gasoline engine The hybrid car has a gasoline engine such(prenominal) wish the one you willing find on more or less cars. However, the engine on a hybrid is smaller and uses advanced technologies to compact processions and increase efficiency. The engine turns the generator. It is not able to power the car directly. supply tank The fuel tank in a hybrid is the energy storage device for the gasoline engine. Gasoline has a more than higher en ergy density than batteries do.For example, it takes about 1,000 pounds of batteries to store as much energy as 1 gallon (7 pounds) of gasoline. Electric motor The electric motor on a hybrid car is very sophisticated. Advanced electronics allow it to act as a motor as well as a generator. For example, when it needs to, it can draw energy from the batteries to accelerate the car. But acting as a generator, it can slow the car down and return energy to the batteries. Generator The generator is similar to an electric motor, but it acts precisely to produce electrical power. It is used mostly on serial publication hybrids.It is where the gas engines power make believes converted to electrical power to drive the motor or charge the batteries. Batteries The batteries in a hybrid car are the energy storage device for the electric motor. Unlike the gasoline in the fuel tank, which can only power the gasoline engine, the electric motor on a hybrid car can put energy into the batteries as well as draw energy from them. They can store energy recovered from braking or generated by the motor.Transmission The transmission on a hybrid car performs the same basic function as the transmission on a effected car i.e. turns the wheels. The motor can spin fast enough so that the transmission needs only one gear. Some hybrids, like the Honda Insight, have conventional transmissions. Others, like the Toyota Prius, have radically different ones like the CVT. CVT stands for Continuously Variable Transmission. It is used to vary the transmission ratio in vehicles continuously.The way CVT works depends on the type Friction CVTs vary the radius of the contact point between two rotating objects, thus the tangential velocity Hydrostatic CVTs vary the fluid flow with variable transformation pumps into hydrostatic motors Ratcheting CVTs vary the cuff of a reciprocating motion, which is connected to a free-wheel, resulting unidirectional rotation. Image courtesy DaimlerChrysler The Mercedes-Benz M-Class HYPER a hybrid concept vehicle5Reasons For The founding Of Hybrid Electric Vehicles To reduce tailpipe emissions Gasoline cars are a major source of these emissions. Many attempts are being made by several organizations to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from cars through the development of hybrid electric vehicles.For example, Nutley, NJ-based Hoffman-La Roche, Inc. (Roche), the U. S. prescription drug unit of the Roche Group, recently announced plans to integrate Toyota Prius and Ford Escape hybrid electric vehicles into its pharmaceutical sales fleet in an effort to help achieve the companys goal of cut back greenhouse gas emissions by 10 percent over the next five years. 6 To improve gas mileage Automakers in the US need to meet Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards as needed by law. At present, all new cars sold should be 27. 5mpg (8. 55 liters per 100km). 7To overcome the shortcomings of an electric car Electric cars have a short charg e. They lacked the range (energy density of electric-vehicle batteries hovered around 70 to 100 watt-hours per kilogram, which automotive engineers called unacceptable) and the quick recharge time the auto industry said it needed. An example is seen in the case where GM introduced the EV1 in 1996. It had a top speed of 183 miles per hour, faster than any other production car out. It had a limiter that would not let it get above 85 MPH, because to drive the car at 183 MPH would deplete the batteries of their charge within 10 minutes.8 Energy Consumption Hybrid Electric Vehicles consume less energy than Internal-Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles. 9 Why Are Hybrid Electric Vehicles A Better Choice? An classic aspect of hybrid electric vehicles is that they make use of smaller engines. There are many an(prenominal) advantages to this tough engines are heavier than smaller ones so the car uses more energy anytime it accelerates or drives up a hill. The displacement of the cylinders i s larger so each cylinder requires a greater volume of fuel.Bigger engines usually have more cylinders, and each cylinder uses fuel every time the engine fires, even if the car isnt moving. These are the reasons there is a difference in the mileage of two cars of the same model with different engines. If both cars are driving along the freeway at the same speed, the one with the smaller engine uses less energy. Both engines have to output the same amount of power to drive the car, but the small engine uses less power to drive itself. In a hybrid car, the gasoline engine can be much smaller than the one in a conventional car and thus can be more efficient.The engine in the hybrid car is powerful enough to move the car along on the freeway, but when it needs to get the car moving in a hurry, or go up a steep hill, it needs help. That help comes from the electric motor and battery this system steps in to provide the necessary extra power. The gas engine on a conventional car is sized for the peak power requirement (those few times when you floor the accelerator pedal). In fact, most drivers use the peak power of their engines less than one percent of the time.The hybrid car uses a much smaller engine, one that is sized closer to the average power requirement than to the peak power. Ways Hybrid Electric Vehicles Reduce Energy Consumption Besides a smaller, more efficient engine, todays hybrids use many other tricks to increase fuel efficiency. Some of those tricks will help any type of car get better mileage, and some only apply to a hybrid. To squeeze every last mile out of a gallon of gasoline, a hybrid car can Recover energy and store it in the battery Whenever you step on the brake pedal in your car, you are removing energy from the car. The faster a car is going, the more kinetic energy it has.The brakes of a car remove this energy and dissolve it in the form of heat. A hybrid car can capture some of this energy and store it in the battery to use later. I t does this by using regenerative braking. That is, instead of just using the brakes to intermit the car, the electric motor that drives the hybrid can also slow the car. In this mode, the electric motor acts as a generator and charges the batteries while the car is slowing down. Sometimes shut off the engine A hybrid car does not need to rely on the gasoline engine all of the time because it has an alternate power source the electric motor and batteries.So the hybrid car can sometimes turn off the gasoline engine, for example when the vehicle is stopped at a red light. Figure 5. The frontal area profile of a small and large car Use advanced aeromechanics to reduce drag When you are driving on the freeway, most of the work your engine does goes into pushing the car through the air. This force is known as aerodynamic drag. This drag force can be trim back in a variety of ways. One sure way is to reduce the frontal area of the car (Figure 5). Think of how a big SUV has to push a much greater area through the air than a tiny sports car.Reducing disturbances around objects that stick out from the car or eliminating them altogether can also help to improve the aerodynamics. For example, covers over the wheel housings smooth the airflow and reduce drag. And sometimes, mirrors are replaced with small cameras. Use low-rolling resistance tires The tires on most cars are optimized to give a smooth ride, minify noise, and provide good traction in a variety of weather conditions. But they are rarely optimized for efficiency. In fact, the tires cause a surprising amount of drag while you are driving.Hybrid cars use special tires that are both stiffer and inflated to a higher pressure than conventional tires. The result is that they cause about half the drag of regular tires. Use lightweight materials Reducing the overall weight of a car is one easy way to increase the mileage. A lighter vehicle uses less energy each time you accelerate or drive up a hill. Compos ite materials like carbon paper fiber or lightweight metals like aluminum and magnesium can be used to reduce weight. 10 Despite the advantages of hybrid vehicles, they are a middling choice whose future is far from assured.They are in all likelihood to be a victim of regulatory circumstance in the near term, pushed aside by improvements in gasoline emissions and by the Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEV) mandate which states that a specified percentage of manufacturers sales incorporate of ZEVs. 11 In the longer term, they will be squeezed between improving batteries and emerging fuel cells. If only fuel cells and advanced batteries falter, hybrid vehicles would have considerable promise and could play a central role in creating a more sustainable transportation system.Nissan Motor Company CEO Carlos Ghosn announced that he is changeable whether hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) will remain competitive in the compact car market if the monetary value of gasoline drops in the future. Spea king at a news conference in Tokyo, Ghosn acknowledged that Nissan will unveil a new HEV in 2006 as planned, but only to meet tightening emission regulations in California. Ghosn expressed doubt that U. S. benchmark crude prices would remain at current levels of $50 per barrel, which is fueling strong demand for HEVs.Reuters said Nissan instead plans to market its new fuel-efficient, gasoline-powered Tiida compact car to environmentally sure drivers. 12 Disadvantages Of Hybrid Electric Vehicles By combining two propulsion systems and their associated energy storage units, they are inherently more complex than both pure battery-powered electric and pure internal-combustion vehicles.Comments 1 Daniel Sperling Future Drive Electric Vehicles and Sustainable Transportation, pg 101 2 http//auto. howstuffworks. com/hybrid-car1. htm 3 http//auto. howstuffworks. com/hybrid-car1. htm 4 http//auto. howstuffworks. com/hybrid-car2. htm 5 http//auto. howstuffworks. com/hybrid-car3. htm 6http// web1. infotrac. galegroup. com/itw/infomark/155/298/52759225w1/purl=rc1_ITOF_0_A122672547dyn=5 xrn_15_0_A122672547?sw_aep=swar94187, Electric and Hybrid Vehicles Today, Sept 30, 2004 p0 , Article A122672547 7.http//auto. howstuffworks. com/hybrid-car4. htm 8 http//www. morphizm. com/observations/borah/borah_corner1. hypertext markup language 9 Daniel Sperling Future Drive Electric Vehicles and Sustainable Transportation, pg 100 10 http//auto. howstuffworks. com/hybrid-car8. htm 11 Daniel Sperling Future Drive Electric Vehicles and Sustainable Transportation, pg 2 12 Electric and Hybrid Vehicles Today, Oct. 7, 2004, p0 Article A122947647.

Greasy lake and the three immature teenagers Essay Example for Free

Greasy lake and the three immature teenagers EssayGreasy Lake by T. Coraghesan Boyles is the story of a group of adolescents, searching for the champion situation that will proclaim them as bad boys and how their minds change. The greasy lake is a short story which the fabricator uses details, imagination and language to describe and represent the moral condition of each geek. Also, during the story the narrator shows us how each character becomes closer to maturity after facing a crazy and unexpected night in a local lake, where we are exclusively witness to and natural change in their lives causes by immature action. Three young men, who considered themselves bad, were out looking for trouble and upthrust on their summer break. One of the most interesting things was the perception they had about being tough or being cool at the time. It is very interesting how the three young showed his toughness throwing eggs at the houses of their neighbors. They were acting irrespons ibly, imbibition too much alcohol and doing drugs, which caused errors in their decision. This was the way of thinking of the three young men we wore torn-up leather jackets, slouched around with toothpicks in our mouths, sniffed glue.The bad choices they made would somewhere along the cables length cause their fate to step in, but no one knew what is dismissal to happen that night. The boys must administration their reality of becoming responsible adult men. For example, whether someone chooses to be responsible and do their homework that grade of actions determines if the three young men are capable to be responsible. The actions the boys took and the words they said eventually situated their immaturity. On this, the third night, wed cruised the strip sixty-seven times, been in and out of every bar and edict we could think of in a twenty mile radius, stopped twice for bucket of chicken and forty-cent hamburgers, debated going to a party at the house of a girl Jeffs child k new, and chucked two cardinal raw eggs at mailboxes and hitchhikers. If they would do chosen to go to the party at Jeffs sisters friends house then none of the trouble at Greasy Lake would have happened.The whole scene is dark to lead astray with the irresponsible choice they made to drink alcohol finally affected the rest of their choices andactions. inebriant may have distorted their judgments, which may have lead them to moot they saw Tony Lovetts car, causing them to honk, flash their bights and press their faces on his window on the wrong car. Alcohol also may have affected the narrators agility, causing him to drop his keys in the dark. These actions get by them unprepared, when they end up in trouble with a big greasy character, as they call him. They begin to fight and one of them hits the guy with tire iron on the head while the adrenaline starts to rustle in each of them, begin tearing the clothes off the girl in the car when they furnish to abuse of the young gir l, they are interrupted by an early(a) car, which was approach to the scene they believe the other car have attendn them. They start running away from the scene to avoid getting caught. The three boys were shake by the consequences that can bring them for their immaturity acts.During the story at this point At this point the narrator is not bothered about his moms car, because he is now safe in the lake behind trees where no one could find him. Once the narrator continues to find a safe place he runs into something that looks like something queer emerges from the lake and realize that it is a body of a man. Then the narrator thinks its very scary evil character found in lake and lifeless. The narrator is very scared by what he discovered runs where his friends were. Very panicky the only thing you want is to get home and forget everything that happened that night. Finally find the car keys and see that everything is in perfect condition, but have a final approach with two young girls who admit if they have seen the friend, who have not seen since last night they stay silent without express what really cherished and they lie and say no. During that time the one of the girls offers them to go home and have fun drinking alcohol and use drugs. After that episode the three young men begin to experience versed change, to say no and see that they are not as bad as they believed or they could be, and all they want is to leave everything bad that experienced last night and be able to do compulsory things for their lives.In brief, Coming of age seems to be a problem. When I root felt the teenagers as adults and to believe very risk decision to grab the tires iron and after trying to rape a charwoman every wrong decision have their consequences. However, they are very willing to face the adult outcomes. peradventure the lesson here is do not try to grow too fast. The point of view is in first person, from the point of view of narrative and Teenagers. The envir onment plays a role in the story. Also, during the story the narrator shows us how each character becomes closer to maturity after facing a crazy and unexpected night in a local lake, where we are all witness to and extreme change in their lives causes by immature action.

DNA Worksheet Essay Example for Free

desoxyribonucleic acid Worksheet Essay1. Describe the structure of DNA. DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid and looks like a lock. The spiral is also known as a double helix. The strands are made up of our genetic information, unruffled of genes and chromosomes. There are four bases divided among purines and pyrimidines. On the purines there are Adenine (A) and gravitational constant (G). On the pyrimidines there are Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T). The base pairs are Adenine and Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine and Guanine (C-G). DNA is found in the nucleus of every human cell. Humans have 46 chromosomes. When a cell re adduces, the chromosomes get copied and distributed to each offspring.2. How does an organisms genotype determine its phenotype? The genes are transcribed to produce mRNA. The mRNA is translated to produce proteins. The proteins are more often than not enzymes,that catalyze reactions that would otherwise take everlastingly to happen. These reactions involve the form ation of products that are cognitive operation in the cell for various things such as geomorphologic support, fibers, cytoskeleton, channels on membrane, enzymes that metabolize food molecules like glucose, energy production, transport, signal systems, pigmentation, attachment to other cells and more.These together, earn in an orchestrated manner to produce characters that we can physically see. For example, there is a gene that produces protein problematical in the production of melanin (skin pigment). When this gene is mutated or non-functional, the enzyme is not produced. Hence, the pathway of melanin production is shut down and that mortal does not produce any melanin pigment. This is what we see and call as albinism, the people without any pigment in their skin, hair and eyes3. Describe each stage of the flow of information starting with DNA and culmination with a trait.DNA molecules store the necessary instructions for building a protein macromolecule. These instructions are copied from the DNA molecule into the form of an RNA molecule. One or many copies can be made of these instructions. apiece of these m RNA copies move away from the DNA templates and enter the cytoplasm of the cell, where they encounter the machinery that will commute the biological information into the correct linear sequence of amino acids that will become a functioning protein.Once the protein has been assembled and folded it can go to work. In the example of the red-color trait, this protein is in the form of an enzyme catalyst that enhances and speeds up the chemical substance reaction producing the red pigment. As the protein goes to work the trait is produced. In this example, the trait is the red color seen in the petals of the flower.

Roles in the Courtroom Essay Example for Free

Roles in the Courtroom Es introduceEveryone has been in or seen a courtroom. If not somebodyally, they have definitely seen one on television. Shows resembling Law Order and the First 48 gives the generalization of how a criminal is caught, brought to justice and its done all within one hour. Then there be civil court shows like Judge Judy and Judge Mathis, where you can see what actually happens in a court of law when mortal is sued. All in all, when you watch these shows you never get the full effect of the roles each person in a courtroom plays to bring a person to justice. Some roles ar to a greater extent chief(prenominal) than others, plainly people like Bailiffs, Judges or even Jurors all sh are an amount of responsibility in making indisputable that justice is served.In any courtroom you go out see a Bailiff, Prosecutor, disproof Attorney, and a Judge. The Bailiff is usually a sheriff or a high- ranking police officer. Their presence alone keeps crop in the co urtroom amongst the audience all the way to the judge. A Bailiffs role is simple. They swear in witnesses and they also play the go between man with the judge and control board. They call court to order and annunciate when the Judge enters the room. Their role is minimal but serious still in its own way.Next are the defence mechanism Attorney and the Prosecution whose duties and responsibilities are basically the same. They must gather and present exhibit to the control panel to discredit or give reasonable doubt that a crime was or wasnt committed. The Defense is there to advice his client on the right confession to take. He is also there to make legitimate his client understands what is going on and make sure his client gets a fair and speedy trial. other(a) than that their duties are the same. They both are there to discredit the other. They both participate in control board pickaxe and establish witnesses that will benefit their cheek. Both are prudent for presentin g their model to the Judge and venire, but if the case never reaches a trial its usually due to both sides plea-bargaining. This is eventually the Judges termination but is usually the reason why some cases dont go to trial. The Judge has a pick up role in the criminal justice system. He is elected into office by his peers and is ultimately the last person to make any decision in regards to a case. Although they dont say some(prenominal) a Judge has a lot of duties and responsibilities and is one of the most important people needful in a courtroom.They are there from start to finish in any case. At the introductory hearing they are responsible for making sure the charge is aware of their rights, they enter a plea of either guilty, not guilty or no contest, and the Judge also sets the bail. During the trial they decide what evidence will be allowed. Their understanding of the law is important when keeping order and how the court proceedings will be handled. During the trial the judge makes sure the accused rights arent violated. The Judge also makes sure that the jury understands what a person is charged with whether it is First degree or second-degree murder. It is the Judges responsibility to make sure the Jury knows the difference. Last but not least they have control over the sentencing. This is the most important part aside from the Jury decision on whether or not the accused is guilty. Although The Judges role and responsibility seems to be the most important in the court, it is the role and responsibility of the Jury that is necessitate more than anything.Everyone has the right to a trial by an impartial jury, which means that the trial will be fair. To be fair, some believe a person must be tried amongst a group of ones peers. This means that they are from the same community/area. Sex, race and ethnicity have no bearings in any case, as far as jury selection. Jurys bring diversity, different perspectives and views. It is up to the Defense and the Prosecution to make sure the right people are chosen, and that they will be more in favor of their case when presented in court. This is why Jurors must go through and through a jury selection. People who will be beneficial to either the Prosecutions or Defenses case are kept and those who appear to have no bearings on the case arent selected. Once on the Jury they are given instructions by the judge on how the case will go, what they are to harken for, and what a person is charged with. Then they listen to the case and they are to trammel if the accused is responsible for their actions by a reasonable doubt.Meaning if there is any doubt in their mind that the accused is innocent, then the doubt is placed, and either they must be convicted of a lesser crime or the case must be dismissed period. All the evidence and witnesses presented in court is done with wondering how the jury will perceive it. Their impression on the evidence has the greatest impact and is ultimately what will determine the fate of the accused in all cases. That is why it is important that the Judge gives the verdict choices to the Jury and that he makes sure that the Jury understands them when they go to deliberate. They then return and give their verdict of guilty, not guilty to the rudeness the accused was charged or to a lesser charge period.Anyone can see that the Jury is important in any court proceedings. Jurys will always have a key role in the court system and their role is most important. There are many roles and responsibilities in the court system. There are bailiffs, prosecutors, defense attorneys but the most important is the jury. Their roles and responsibilities are important and are needed to ensure that the criminal court system is run appropriately. That is why there is so much put into jury selection. They are the deciding factor in determining how long a person will be spending of their life in jail.

Organizational Impact Essay Example for Free

Organizational Impact EssayInnovation, design, and creativity atomic number 18 important parts of any organization that strives to be a market leader within a given industry. Organizations typically belong to one sector of industry, either supporter or manufacturer. A alliance from each sector, Nissan Motors for manufacturing and Verizon Wireless for service are the organizations chosen for evaluation. Nissan Nissan Motors has proven to be a leader in the automobile industry in innovation.When the price of gas increased earthshakingly in 2006, Nissan changed their strategy to allow the electric cable political machine car. With the Toyota Prius al entrap available, Nissan wanted to be the start-off with a 100% electric car. Recognizing a newly market never comes easy for any organization and the impact to the organization can be significant, Nissan took a big risk. Although Nissan began developing an electric car in 1997, the uses for this type of car were not for the public. Initially presidential term agencies and businesses used these cars as fleet cars.With need for alternative fuel sources and public interest, Nissan refocused energy back into the electric car it had originally developed, the Nissan Versa in 2009, renaming the car Nissan Leaf in 2010 (Nissan Motor Company, n. d. ). Nissan showed its innovation and creativity with the admission of the first environmentally friendly car that requires no gasoline. The designers for Nissan gave the vehicle a look that is attractive to the buyer and will set the stage for how electric cars will look in coming years as these types of vehicles continue to be the new trend (Nissan Motor Company, n.d. ). For the first two years after entryway the first low-cost, mass market electric car, the Nissan Leaf struggled in sales. Nissan began an ravening marketing strategy and creating strategic partnerships the Nissan Leaf finally reached growth stage. With the organizations aggressive marketing push, advertisements gave consumers clear messages on how environmentally friendly this new type of vehicle is, how it saves money on the purchase of gas, and that the price tag makes it affordable to most car buyers.In the end, the impact on the strategy of Nissan was minimal other than overcoming the American car buyers love for the gas powered engine. Nissan believes in turning what ifs into what is, and with the Nissan Leaf they have brought the innovation of the electric car to reality. Verizon Wireless Verizon wireless formed in 2000 with the unification of Bell Atlantic and GTE (Verizon Corporate History, 2013). Once complete, the merger created the nations largest wireless cell shout service company. In 1992 there was the introduction of the first smart phone.This phone called Simon was capable of much more than making phone calls but there was no network available that was capable of handling the data it could send. This innovation laid the ground work for Verizons 4G LTE netwo rk. Over the next two decades, mobile network engineering science grew and in 2010 Verizon Wireless revolutionized lives throughout the unite States with LTE technology. Today, Verizon is the largest, most reliable 4G LTE network (Verizon Corporate History, 2013). The organization delivers the most advanced wireless technology available. with innovation, Verizon Wireless 4G LTE can provide services in the fields of transportation, health care, small businesses, and education. With the advanced technology Verizon Wireless provides its customers, street vendors can make payment transactions and EMS personnel can improve on response times and patient care. Verizon Wireless is no longer just a cell phone provider. However, the innovation of this technology over the years has forced Verizon to change its strategy several times to stay the best in the industry.The impact on Verizons strategy was a $66 billion clam investment in their technology and infrastructure (Verizon Corporate Hi story, 2013). Although the policies of Verizon did not change, the marketing of what services they could provide had to. induction Innovation, design, and creativity impact organizations in different ways. For the Nissan Company the impact was minimal because the organization already had a design, prototype, and the infrastructure to make the product. This product affected the marketing strategy the most because the vehicle needed aggressive measures to get the car selling.As technology continues to evolve rapidly there will still be some changes made to the electric car in the years to come. The impact on Verizon was more significant because the organizations technology needed further development to accommodate manufacturers of cell phones such as the Apple I-phone and the Android. Verizon needed innovation, design, and creativity to develop not only the technology but also the service plans as well. In todays business environment, organizations, whether they are manufacturers or service-based must be ready to change strategies and evaluate the impact on the organizations business constantly.

Facebook Effects on Society Essay Example for Free

Facebook Effects on Society EssayNowadays, the affectionate net working known also as neighborly media has change state a widespread subject among concourse, especially among teenagers. At its let downning, social media consisted of diverse dating websites. Now, around people consider that having a social media account means that you have a Facebook account. Facebook involves inter legal action and the aim of it was, from the very beginning, to be able to add different people as friends and let those people know well-nigh the activities of their new friends. It was launched in 2004 and now is wholeness of the just about popular social media websites in the entire world. fit to the last surveys in the field, Facebook changes and influences social relationships along with peoples ideas, thoughts and actions. There be several contradict effects that Facebook has on the society, in general, and on the people, individually. Facebook causes addiction, which implies less(pr enominal) social interaction, distraction from another tasks and health issues.Since for many people look for and posting on Facebook has become one of the main daily activities, less social interaction begin to be one of the main negatively charged effects that Facebook has on its users. Recent data shows that there are over 500 million Facebook users, which means 1 person in every 13 people on Earth uses Facebook. This social media website seems to be for people an escape from accredited lifespan to a life where everything is fine and organized. In 2010, Pew Research Center created a survey on over 2,000 respondents active social networking influences and demonstrated that 92% of the social networking users have account on Facebook and 52% of them check their Facebook visibility at least once a day. Overall, half of the actual Facebook users, which means 250 million people, checks their profile daily. And definitely, those who play to check their profile many condemnations a day are the ones who tend to get much attracted by the activities on Facebook and so, to be less interested in real life productivity.Christine Rosen, member of the ethics and Public Policy Center from Washington, says People who use networks manage Facebook have a tendency to constitute themselves like products(BUGEJA 88). That less social interaction will begin once the Facebook users start feeling more connected with the others through Facebook. A research did by Alex Trimpe, student at Columbus College of Art bod shows that 57% of people talk more online than they do in real life (BATTISHILL). In addition, a report in Daily Mail confirmed that more than a third of the respondents spend less date on going out with friends than posting or chatting on Facebook. A percentage of 75 of the surveyed people have fewer friends since they started using Facebook as a expression to keep friends updated and even if they construct they need more real meetings, Facebook is mollif y the first choice for hanging-out and for meeting new people.This seems to be a new way of creating and maintaining friendship relations and Steven Strogatz, network science expert and PhD professor at Cornell University, confirms The eminence between genuine friends and acquaintances is becoming blurred. Users are spending time maintaining relationships with people they dont really care about. (JARVIS) other of Facebooks negative effects on society is the distraction from important tasks, which increases the inability to control important occupations much(prenominal) as working or canvasing. Michael Bugeja, professor and director of the Greenlee School of Journalism and Communication at the University of Iowa, named this generation The Facebook Generation who text-message during class, talk on their cellphones during labs, and listen to iPods rather than guest speakers in the wireless hall(Bugeja 85).Due to this elongated presence on Facebook, the students encounter issues on tasks performances or in respecting due dates. For instance, a psychologist of the Centre for culture Sciences and Technologies at Open University, Paul Kirschnera, and Aryn Karpinskib, a professor at Ohio State University, did a survey that shows that the comely GPA of students without a Facebook account is around 3.86 sequence the Facebook users have a GPA of 3.06 (Choney). Paul Kirschnera support in a Daily Mail article The problem is that most people have Facebook or other social networking sites, their emails and maybe instant messaging never-endingly running in the background while they are carrying out other tasks(Fleming). Facebook has a well developed entertainment time value and, also, an informative value and both make people get involved in discussions or any other activities al pocket-sizeded on this website.Their curiosity or pleasure in what they see or read encourages them to spend more time facebooking. For example, checking the last posts on their friends walls, changing constantly their status or using Facebook chat. Any social media activity longer than a few minutes interferes with peoples main occupation, in students case, homework, and it makes difficult to keep them focused on what is really important. The experts advice Facebook users to take tech breaks and check their profiles after at least 15 minutes of working on other different tasks. Last, but definitely one of the most dangerous effects of Facebook on society is that it brings a series of health gambles. According to a Daily Mail report, people who a good deal use social media tend to be more isolated, and they find it difficult to communicate in person. sterilise Aric Sigman, member of The Institute of Biology, says in The Biologist, This isolated behavior can increase the risk of health problems as serious as cancer, strokes, heart diseases, and dementia (BBC intelligence). These health issues are more likely to appear in someone who spends more time socializing o nline than he does on face-to-face contacts. In addition, Dr Sigman underlines that some hormones such as mark released or oxytocin hormones, which help people to start and maintain social relationships, are altered in the people who do not have an active social life and who share their emotions and thoughts through Internet. It explains wherefore many people who overuse Facebook are more vulnerable to stress, nervousness and isolation. Another health risk caused by an excessive use of Facebook is the chaotic habit of eating that people have, especially teenagers. If they spend most of their time on Facebook, they tend to skip meals or eating unhealthy food. According to researchers, these habits could lead to diseases like bulimia or anorexia.A survey based on a sample of 600 Facebook users with ages between 16-40 and do by The Center for Eating Disorders, reports that 75% of the respondents do not like how their dead body looks and 51% of them par their bodies with their Faceb ook friends bodies (Cowden). Doctor Harry Brandt, director of The Center for Eating Disorders mentions, Facebook is making it easier for people to spend more time and energy criticizing their own bodies and wishing they looked like someone else In this age of modern technology and constant access to SmartPhones and the internet, its becoming increasingly difficult for people to remove themselves from images and other triggers that promote negative body image, low self-esteem and may ultimately contribute to eating disorders (Shaffer).Many people become obsessed with that ideal thin body and the results of the survey mentioned above underlines that people tend to pursue a weight-loss diet because they draw a negative image of their bodies when comparing with other users images. It is clear that, at one point, Facebook is enjoyable and its policy is not other than to bring people together faster and easier, though it still affects peoples lives in many ways. Some people are more liab le to be isolated from real life, which include in person connections and real entertainment activities.Others end up losing their jobs or getting low grades, in students cases, because of the time spent on Facebook. Some could become sick because of the obsession of having that perfect body image, which Facebook promotes, and they start pursuing wrong diets plans, which lead to improper meals. A large numbers of surveys show the negative effects of Facebook to society and the doctors are also worried about the approach that society have for social media websites, especially Facebook. Generally speaking, Facebook mostly affects many people because they neglect real life and spend way too much time on chatting, posting on and checking their profile. The risks and the negative sides of social media will be reduced if the people will use a lower amount of virtual socializing.WORKS CITEDBBC, News Online networking harms health. N.p 09.02.2009. Web. 18 Apr 2012. .Black, Nathan. Facebook Depression Affecting Teens, Report Says. Christian Post 29 March 2011, n. pag. Print.Bugeja, Michael. Facing the Facebook. tale of Higher Education 27 February 2006, Daily Ed. n. pag. Print.Choney, Suzanne. Facebook use can lower grades by 20 percent, study says. N.p., 2010. Web.

The Phantom of the Opera Essay Example for Free

The Phantom of the Opera EssayThe phantom of the opera is e novel by a french writer Gaston Lecroux. It was first published us a serialization in a French daily newspaper named Le Gaulois from September 1909 to January 1910. This story sold very poorly upon publicationIn book form and it was even out of print several times du beleaguer the twentieth century . just now the book is overshadowed by the success of its various film and stage adaptationsThe most notable of these were the 1925 Ameri rotter inactive horror film depiction and Andrew Webbers Musical on 1986The story take place in genus Paris on nineth century and is a romantic drama with a little action . There argon three main characters , Eric , Christine and Raoul. Un fortuanally they are a love triangle with cristine in the middle .Raoul was cristine s childishness friend . He saved her scarf from the sea and since they remained friends.Cristines mother and father both world dead and she lives with Mamma Valeriou s , the elderly window of her fathers benefecrtorCristines father was a notable fiddler who played folk music and du foretell her childhood Cristine listen many stories from her father about the apotheosis of Music who is the personification of musical inspiration. Before he died told her and Roul the story of Little Lotte , a little girl who is visited by the Angel of the Music and possesses a heavenly voiceEventually Christine take a positioning in the chorus at the Paris Opera House. She begins hearing a beautiful, unearthly voice which sings to her and speaks to her. She believes this mustiness be the Angel of Music and asks him if he is. The Voice agrees and offers to teach her a little bit of heavens music. The Voice, however, belongs to Erik, a physically deformed and mentally disturbed charismatic genius who was one of the architects who took part in the construction of the opera. He has been extorting money from the Operas management for many years.Erik kidnaps Christ ine to his home in the cellars. He plans to keep her at that place only a few days, hoping she will seed to love him, and Christine begins to find him attractive nevertheless when she expose him feeil horror by his ugly face which according to the book, resembles the face of a rotting corpse. Erik change his plans and he decides to keep her with him forever, but when Christine requests release after two weeks, he agrees on condition that she wear his ring and be faithful to him.Up on the roof of the opera house, Christine tells Raoul of Erik taking her to the cellars. Raoul promises to take Christine away where Erik can never find her and to take her even if she resists. Raoul tells Christine he shall act on his promise the following day, to which Christine agrees, but she pities Erik and will not go until she has sung for him one last time. Christine then realizes the ring has slipped off her feel and fallen into the streets somewhere, and begins to panic. The two leave. But n either is aware that Erik has been listening to their conversation or that it has driven him to jealous frenzy. During the week and that night, Erik had been terrorizing anyone who stood in his way or in that of Christines career, including the managers.The following night, Erik kidnaps Christine during a production of Faust (by drugging the grease-gun men and switching the lights off, he spirits Christine off the stage before anyone turned the lights on). Back in the cellars, Erik tries to force Christine into marriage. If she refuses he will destroy the entire opera house and everyone inside with explosives he let loose in the cellarThen Cristine realise that Raoul and Persian , an old friend of Erics from the past hae come to resue jer but they are trapped in Erics torture chamber. Attemping to save the people above she agrees to connect Eric. Raul and Percian find a way to escape and they fall into where Eric keeps the barrels of gunpowder.Fortunately, the Persian, Raoul, an d Christine escaped and Erik is broken-hearted and asks them to bury him with the gold ring when he died. When the advertisement is published that Erik is dead, they make sure that Erik is buried next the lake.The author claims the truth of the earthly concern of Erik. He tells that Christine and Raoul eloped to the Scandinavia. He also says that they found a skeleton under the Opera house,a skeleton which he attributes to the Opera ghost

Active and Passive - Devices Essay Example for Free

Active and peaceful Devices EssayElectronic components are classed into either being Passive devices or Active devices. Active devices are different from dormant devices. These devices are capable of changing their operational performance, whitethorn deliver power to the circuit, and cornerstone perform interesting mathematical functions. While a device that does not require a blood line of energy for its operation.Active DevicesAn active device is any sign of circuit component with the ability to electricalally control electron flow (electricity controlling electricity). In order for a circuit to be decent called electronic, it must contain at least one active device. Active devices include, but are not limited to, nullity tubes, transistors, silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs), and TRIACs. All active devices control the flow of electrons through them. Some active devices will a voltage to control this contemporary while other active devices allow another on-going to do the job. Devices utilizing a static voltage as the controlling signal are, not surprisingly, called voltage-controlled devices. Devices working on the principle of one rate of flow controlling another on-going are known as current-controlled devices. For the record, vacuum tubes are voltage-controlled devices while transistors are made as either voltage-controlled or current controlled types. The first type of transistor successfully demonstrated was a current-controlled device.What are Passive Devices?Components incapable of controlling current by means of another electrical signal are called hands-off devices. Resistors, capacitors, inductors, transformers, and even diodes are all considered passive devices. Passive devices are the resistors, capacitors, and inductors required to build electronic hardware. They always have a gain slight than one, thus they so-and-so not oscillate or amplify a signal. A combination of passive components can multiply a signal by values l ess than one, they can shift the manikin of a signal, they can reject a signal because it is not made up of the correct frequencies, they can control complex circuits, but they can not multiply by more than one because they pretermit gain.INTEDGRATED CIRCUITSAnalog circuitsMost analog electronic appliances, such as radio receivers, are constructed from combinations of a a few(prenominal) types of basic circuits. Analog circuits use a continuous range of voltage as opposed to trenchant levels as in digital circuits. The number of different analog circuits so far devised is huge, especially because a circuit can be defined as anything from a single component, to systems containing thousands of components. Analog circuits are sometimes called one-dimensional circuits although many non-linear effects are used in analog circuits such as mixers, modulators, and so on Good examples of analog circuits include vacuum tube and transistor amplifiers, operational amplifiers and oscillator s. One rarely finds sophisticated circuits that are entirely analog. These days analog circuitry may use digital or even microprocessor techniques to remediate performance.This type of circuit is usually called mixed signal rather than analog or digital. Sometimes it may be difficult to differentiate between analog and digital circuits as they have elements of both linear and non-linear operation. An example is the comparator which takes in a continuous range of voltage but only outputs one of twain levels as in a digital circuit. Similarly, an overdriven transistor amplifier can take on the characteristics of a controlled vanquish having essentially two levels of output.* A Hall effect sensor is a transducer that varies its output voltage in response to a magnetic field. Hall effect sensors are used for proximity switching, positioning, speed detection, and current sensing applications. * A current sensor is a device that detects electrical current (AC or DC) in a wire, and gen erates a signal proportional to it.The generated signal could be analog voltage or current or even digital output.It can be then utilized to display the measured current in an ammeter or can be stored for further analysis in a data accomplishment system or can be utilized for control purpose.Digital circuitsDigital circuits are electric circuits based on a number of discrete voltage levels. Digital circuits are the most roughhewn physical representation of Boolean algebra, and are the basis of all digital computers. To most engineers, the terms digital circuit, digital system and system of logical system are interchangeable in the context of digital circuits. Most digital circuitsuse a binary system with two voltage levels labeled 0 and 1. Often logic 0 will be a lower voltage and referred to as Low while logic 1 is referred to as High. However, some systems use the reverse definition (0 is High) or are current based. deuce-ace (with three states) logic has been studied, and som e prototype computers made. Computers, electronic clocks, and programmable logic controllers (used to control industrial processes) are constructed of digital circuits. Digital signal processors are another example.http//aanaedwards.hubpages.com/hub/Active-Passive-Devices 2011 Aana Edwards Silicon City, CAhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics

Children social and emotional development Essay Example for Free

Children social and emotional development EssayThe advantage that day cares fork out to barbarianren is, they help the child to socialize and improve any social skill. For example a kid who never go out and play with other children doesnt know and doesnt learn a disparate environment than the family atmosphere. Many cases as a result of it, children grow up shy and sometimes halt difficulties to create social relationships with others. At daycares kids learn to see the differences between others kids, they might find people who speaks disparate talking tos or belong to a distinguishable ethnicity. So they start to see the world its different outside of home. Daycares help children to discover new things, improve social and emotional develop because children are rough children and are not with the parents all the times, so it creates security and independence from parents, which it help in the future when this child becomes a teenager.Day care absolutely have a lot of inf luence in the language aspect. When a child stays home, this child just listen to how the mother or father speaks and sometimes mom has the bad habit to talk little or keep thinking the child is motionlessness a newborn confusing the toddler with small words. The language used by the caregiver is the roughly important factor that predicted childrens cognitive and language outcome. Children are like sponge, they absorb everything in particular from the age 0 to 3, those ages are crucial for the cognitive social and emotional develop, and day cares help in a big part to increase and ensure the well develop of the child.

The Effects of Punishment and Sentencing Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Punishment and Sentencing EssayWhen a defendant is reprobated, there be philosophical reasons behind this sentencing. The four basic reasons are rehabilitation, deterrence, retri justion, and incapacitation. Because this process is sensitive, rule of thumbs have been made to see to it that presumptive sentences are mandatory.Rehabilitation is considered genius of the most humane goal of penalisation. There are antithetical ways a adjudicate can impose a rehabilitation sentence. For example, a young womanhood is arrested for public drunkenness. The judge could sentence the young woman to 10 days in jail or reprimand her to a 28-day program for the alcohol charge. The second philosophical reason for sentencing is deterrence. To deter is to encourage something d unmatched fear. In this case, if you fear losing your freedom, one is encouraged to obey the law. Deterrence not only looks for retri furtherion provided also looks to punish the defendant to a poi nt whereas they would not have a desire to get off another execration. Deterrence can take two forms, general and proper(postnominal). The general deterrence punishes the criminal, dissuading them from committing the same crime.The specific deterrence expects that a harsh sentencing pass on prevent the offender from committing any future activity. There are some questions regarding general deterrence. Because it assumes that, a soulfulness will commit a crime after rationalizing the pros and cons. This surmisal proves to be false with adolescences.Incapacitation is another amongst the four philosophies. This form of punishment is not interested in providing resources to pass criminal activity. This form commands to incarcerate the defendant and keep them that way for as long as possible. This is one way to ensure that the defendant is not committing any crimes. However, studies have shown that once released, an offender is more credibly to commit a crime than before they we re incarcerated.Finally yet importantly is retribution. This philosophy states that if a somebody commits a crime than he or she should be punished based on the degreeof the crime. This relies on the principle of just deserts which says that a criminal deserves to be punished. Retribution is not the same as revenge it is a way of paying society back.Sentencing is not an easy task for a judge, but legislative laws have made it a little easier. Legislatures are responsible for determining the length of the sentence as they are for making the law. They have also created penal codes as a guideline one of them is to determinate sentencing. If the defendant is sentenced to one year in jail then that defendant must do a year minus the good time. As an example, a defendant is sentenced to a year but may only have to do eight months based on their good behavior.Indeterminate sentencing sets a minimum and a maximum amount of time that a criminal must serve. For instance if a defendant was sen tenced to 10 15 years, he or she would have to serve at least 10 years, before being considered for parole. Legislatures have passed the truth in sentence law as well. It requires that serious crime offenders must complete 85% of their sentence, without good time conditions.The final decision is based on the judge. The essential factor is the behavior of the defendant and or the severity of the crime. There are circumstances as expected, this is wherefore there are two rules, and they are aggravating and mitigating. A harsh sentence can be ruled under aggravating circumstances or a lesser one can be ruled if the circumstances are mitigating.A judge considers other factors as well regarding the sentence guideline such as mandatory sentence and habitual offender laws. Mandatory sentence states that a judge must not deviate from setting form standards. The habitual offender law states if a person commits a felony, their 3rd time for sentencing should be harsh.Debates surrounding cap ital punishment have advocates stating they just want criminals to be punished based in their crimes (just desert). While those who oppose say, their method is just an act of revenge. Nuechterlein (2000) describes retaliation as punishment inflicted in retaliation for an spot oroffense, he says if you consider that, any punishment towards a crime constitutes as vengeance. I do not agree with this authors concept however, I rede his point of view.The other article that I viewed opposed the death penalty. The authors pointed out the methods used for capital punishment are cruel and unusual and violate the Eight Amendment. Kaverny (2008) cruel and unusual punishment satisfies the desire for hole-and-corner(a) vengeance. We are all inclined to evaluate harms to ourselves and our loved ones are more deserving of a punishment, than injury to others. This debate influences decisions for punishment because many states believe that if they continue to hand out the death penalty, crime wi ll decrease.ReferencesKaveny, C. (Feb 15, 2008). Justice or vengeance is the death penalty cruel unusual? (Columnist) (Essay). Commonweal. 135.3 9(1). Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Retrieved April 27, 2009, from Apollo library http//galegroup.comNuechterlein, J. (2000). Capital Punishment Deserves Caution Support Current Controversies Capital Punishment. Greenhaven press. Opposing Viewpoints Center. Retrieved April 27, 2009 from Apollo library http//galegroup.com